Blood

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

Plasma Protein
Large molecule
Oncotic Pressure
Carrier molecule for hydrophobic substances 
(steroid hormones)

Question 2

Globulins

Answer 2

Plasma Protein
Alpha and Beta-
       transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins
Gamma- 
      immunoglobulins /  antibodies
       Synthesize by lymphocytes 
       (plasma cell in Lymph node)
        Immune response

Question 3

Clotting Factors

Answer 3

Plasma Protein
Coagulation and clot formation
Factors V, IX, XII (and others)
Fibrinogen

Question 4

Erythrocytes

Answer 4

RBC's - Most abundant of RBC, WBC and Platelets
Non nucleated biconcave disc
Gas diffusion- Carry and deliver O2
Reversible deformity
Turnover time 120 days / 4 months

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

WBC’s
Nucleated
Defend against infection and move debris
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 6

Granulocyte Characteristics

Answer 6

WBC (leukocytes)
Granuole = vesicle or sac in cell that contains
biochemical mediators
Digestive enzymes
Kill microorganisms and catabolize debris
Inflammatory/immune functions

Ameboid movement
Diapedesis- vessel wall

Question 7

Neutrophils

Answer 7

Leukocyte / Granulocyte
55% of Leukocytes
FIRST RESPONDERS- not macrophages
Mature in Bone  Marrow
Lifespan = four days (high turnover)

Question 8

Eosinophils

Answer 8

Leukocyte / Granulocyte
1-4%
Ingest antigen/ antibody complexes
Inflammatory process - recovery Phase

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

Leukocyte/Granulocyte

Question 10

Mast Cells

Answer 10

Leukocyte/Granulocyte
Histamine- chemotactic factors and cytokynes
Rapid blood vessel permeability
found in vascularized connective tissue
acute/chronic inflammation/ fibrotic disorder, wound healing

Question 11

Cytokynes/chemokynes

Answer 11

Support amplification of our immune response

Allow for homing of cells in damaged tissues

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Leukocyte / Agranulocyte
Mononuclear
25-33%
Live days to years
DO NOT contain digestive vacuoles

T, B and Plasma cells
Natural Killer Cells- granulated
5-10% of lymphocytes

Question 13

Monocytes and Macrophages

Answer 13

Leukocytes / Agranulocytes
CONTAIN digestive Vacuoles- 
      biochemical mediators in cytoplasm itself
Large/fewer digestive vacuoles
Macrophages in tissue
Monocytes in Blood

Question 14

MPS

Answer 14

Mononuclear Phagocytic System
Lineage: originate in bone marrow
monoblasts
promonocytes
monocytes- in in peripheral blood
macrophages- in tissues
Job- Ingest and destroy microorganisms and foreign material, debris, deffective/dead cells

Macrophages- inflammation
Cleanse blood in liver and spleen
Lifespan: months to years

Question 15

Life span of neutrophils vs monocytes

Answer 15

Neutrophils- 1-4 days
High turnover
circulating in blood

Monocytes / Macrophages
Months to years
Macrophages reside in tissues
Monocytes in blood

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

Disc shaped cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow via exocytosis

Secratory vessicles- growth factors and cytokines
and biochemical mediators

blood coagulation, control bleeding

Have reserves in spleen, can release upon injury

Lifespan- 7-10 days

Question 17

Primary and Secondary Lymphoid organs

Answer 17

Primary = thymus and bone marrow
Secondary = spleen
                      lymph nodes
                      tonsils
                      Peyer's Patches

Question 18

Spleen

Answer 18

Largest secondary lymphoid tissue

White pulp- Mononuclear phagocytes(macrophages)
Lymphocytes- immune response to blood bourne pathogens

Red pulp- Principal filtration site
Erythrocyte phagocytosis (old/damaged RBCs)
Hb catabolism

Venous sinuses- storage of platelets that can be accessed when needed

Question 19

Lymph nodes

Answer 19

1. Transfer lymphatic fluid back into circulation
2. Stimulate antibody production because of immunocytes and lymphocytes that reside in the tissue
3. Cleanses lymphatic tissue