Blood

Question 1

Composition of blood

Answer 1

Fluid tissue - Leukocytes +Erythrocytes
Complex connective tissue.
Plasma
Platelets

Question 2

Blood clotting haemostasis

Answer 2

Vascular spasm - smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation - injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen. platelets release chemicals to become sticky and plug, soluble.
Coagulation - fibrin forms a mesh, insoluble

Question 3

RBC developmental formation

Answer 3

Stem cell - haemocytoblast
Committed cell - proerythroblast
Developmental pathway
Ribosome synthesis - early erythroblast
Haemoglobin accumulation - late erythroblast, hormoblast
Ejection of nucleus - hormoblast, reticulocyte

Question 4

Erythrocyte in haematopoiesis

Answer 4

Erythropoieses

Question 5

Antigens

Answer 5

RBC have different antigens on cell membrane.
Antigens are agglutinogins and proteins.
Can not have same type as antibody
Blood type based on antigen

Question 6

Antibody

Answer 6

Antibodies are agglutinins.
In plasma.
If antibodies recognize matching antigens then agglutination occurs

Question 7

Define haematocrit

Answer 7

ratio of volume of RBC to total blood

Question 8

Where are monocytes produced

Answer 8

Spleen, liver and other organs

Question 9

Haematology definition

Answer 9

The study, diagnosis and treatment of blood and blood diseases

Question 10

Five functions of blood

Answer 10

Transports heat
Transports nutrients, CO2 and O2
Transports waste and hormones
Prevents infection
Prevents blood loss

Question 11

RBC

Answer 11

Erythrocytes
Testosterone produces more
Forms in red bone marrow at the end of long bones, from haemocytoblast stem cell
Forms in liver and spleen in foetus

Question 12

WBC and function

Answer 12

Lymphocyte - produce antibodies and attack virus
Monocyte - Clean up damage and rid bacteria
Eosinohils - Involved in allergy and asthma
Basophils - release histomine, inflammatory
Neutrophils - eats cells by phagocytosis

Question 13

Difference between total WBC count and differential WBC count

Answer 13

WBC count measures number of WBC.

Differential is the percentage of each type of WBC in blood

Question 14

Bone marrow

Answer 14

Produces
RBC
Granulocytes
Platelets

Question 15

Haematopoiesis definition

Answer 15

The dividing of haemocytoblast into three groups
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Thrombocyte

Question 16

Rhesus factor

Answer 16

Rhesus antigen.
Another group of antigens on surface of RBC
No natural RH
Problematic in pregnancies

Question 17

Haematocrit value

Answer 17

RBC\total blood *100

Question 18

Difference in solvent and plasma

Answer 18

Solvent - platelets = plasma

Question 19

Plasma structure

Answer 19

90% water
10% solute
cells, gasses, hormones, proteins, electrolytes

Question 20

Leukopoiesis.

Answer 20

Divides into
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinphil
Basophil
Neutrophil

Question 21

Leukocytes Granulocytes

Answer 21

Granulocytes contain granules.
Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinphil
Agranulocyes do not
Monocyte
Lymphocyte

Question 22

Stem cell (haemocytoblast)

Answer 22

Developmental pathway
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte
Platelets

Question 23

Which substance makes the plasma so sticky?

Answer 23

Platelets

Question 24

How would the haematocrit change if a person lost a lot of body fluids?

Answer 24

Haematocrit value would be higher- higher % of RBC in blood- Dehydrated

Question 25

Function of platelets

Answer 25

for clotting: circulate within blood and form a platelet plug when a damaged vessel is recognised. Clot

Question 26

What are the three main proteins found in blood?

Answer 26

albumins, globulins and fibrogen

Question 27

What is the definition of a formed element?

Answer 27

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 28

How is type A blood different from type blood B blood?

Answer 28

A blood has A antigens, B blood has B antigens.

Question 29

How is type AB blood different from types A and B blood?

Answer 29

AB blood carries both A and B antigens