Blood Flashcards
What are the 3 main functions of the blood?
- Transport
- Acid-Base Balance
- Protection
Name 5 transport roles that the blood plays.
nutrients, gasses, waste, hormones, temperature regulation
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
What are the 3 major components of the blood? State their percentages.
Plasma [55%] , Buffy layer [ins.], RBC [45%]
What proportion of the body mass does blood make up?
about 7%
Having a normal blood volume is called […]
Normovolemia
Having a lower blood volume than normal is called […]
Hypovolemia
Having higher blood volume than normal is called […]
Hypervolemia
What is hematocrit?
The percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC.
What is the normal hematocrit value?
45%
Knowing that blood has a volume of about 5 L and that normal hematocrit is 45%, what is the total blood volume occupied by red blood cells? By plasma?
RBC:
5*0,45 = 2,25 L
Plasma:
5-2,25 = 2,75L
What are the 4 major components of plasma?
- Over 90% water
- Ions, mainly Na+ and Cl- [approximated to 0,9% saline for replacing fluids]
- Nutrients, respiratory gasses, waste
- Proteins
The plasma is […]% water
90%
What are the major and minor ions in plasma?
Major: Na+, Cl-
Minor: K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-
What are the major nutrients found in the plasma?
Glucose, amino acids, lipids
Give 2 examples of wastes in the plasma.
Urea, lactic acid
What are the major respiratory gases found in the plasma?
O2, CO2
What is the major difference in composition between plasma and interstitial fluid? Why?
Interstitial fluid has the same composition minus the proteins. They are too big to cross the capillary wall and go into the interstitial space
What are the main 3 proteins found in the plasma? State their concentration in g%.
Albumin [4%]
Globulins [2.7%]
Fibrinogen [0.3]
What method of plasma protein separation is the most commonly used?
Electrophoretic Mobility
Explain how electrophoresis works.
This method is based on the movement of charged particles along a voltage gradient. The migration will help determine the characteristics of each particle and its density. (bigger stain= more particle)
Rate of migration in electrophoresis is influenced by the […] and […] of each protein.
distribution of charges, Molecular weight
Name the order in which the major blood proteins appear after electrophoresis. What does that order say on the proteins?
(beginning)
Gamma globulins
Fibrinogen
Other globulins
Albumin
The furthest proteins are smaller since they travel a greater distance and are more negatively charged because they get closer to the positive voltage gradient.
After electrophoresis, you notice that there is no fibrinogen line visible. Why is this?
The electrophoresis was done with a serum solution, meaning the fibrinogen [a coagulant] was taken out to stop its properties and to keep the plasma liquid,