BLOOD Flashcards
1
Q
A specialized connective tissue.
A
Blood
2
Q
Place an important role in maintaining homeostasis in a living organism.
A
Blood
3
Q
% of blood in average adult
A
7-9%
4
Q
amount of blood in male
A
5-6 Liters
5
Q
amount of blood in female
A
4-5 liters
6
Q
Red color of arterial blood is due to?
A
oxygenated hemoglobin (Hgb)
7
Q
Functions of Blood
A
- Transport
- Protection
- Regulation
8
Q
in functions of blood, “transport” does what?
A
transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues
9
Q
in functions of blood, “protection” does what?
A
clot preventing excessive loss of blood
10
Q
in functions of blood, “regulation” does what?
A
- platelets maintain homeostasis
- controls ph acid base balance
- albumin osmotic pressure helps retain water
- help dissipate heat
11
Q
liquid portion; component of blood
A
Plasma
12
Q
solvent for dissolving and transport of nutrients
A
Water
13
Q
% of water in blood
A
90%
14
Q
Plasma proteins are?
A
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
15
Q
Promotes water retention to maintain blood volume and pressure.
A
Albumin
16
Q
Carrier molecule to transport liquid and fat soluble vitamin in the blood.
A
Globulin
17
Q
used as antibodies
A
globulin
18
Q
immunoglobulins
A
globulin
19
Q
blood clotting
A
fibrinogen
20
Q
plasma minus fibrinogen and other protein
A
serum
21
Q
inorganic molecules that separate into ions when they are dissolved in water
A
plasma electrolytes
22
Q
positively charged like Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg +
A
cations
23
Q
chloride, phosphate, iodide
A
anions
24
Q
glucose, amino acid, phospholipid, triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol
A
nutrients
25
lactic acid, nitrogenous waste (urea)
metabolic wastes
26
principal gases dissolved in plasma
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
27
Components of Blood
1. Water
2. Plasma proteins
3. Plasma electrolytes
4. Nutrients and waste products
5. Gases and buffers
28
whole cell, cell fragments
formed elements
29
Red Blood Cell (RBC)
erythrocyte
30
White Blood Cell (WBC)
leukocyte
31
Platelets
thrombocytes
32
RBC (erythrocytes) percentage % of blood
45% of whole blood
33
WBC (leukocytes) percentage % of blood
<1% of whole blood
34
Platelets (thrombocytes) percentage % of blood
<1% of whole blood
35
are the most numerous blood cell are about one thousand times more numerous than white blood cells.
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
36
Erythrocytes in diameter
7 to 8 um
37
Erythrocytes is 5.5 million/cu. mm in?
Male
38
Erythrocytes is 4.9 million/cu. mm in?
Female
39
shape of erythrocytes
biconcave disc
40
anucleated means
no nucleus
41
contains oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin that gives blood its red color
Erythrocytes
42
life span of erythrocytes
120 days
43
Erythrocytes have a plasma membrane that is?
Strong and flexible
44
old RBC's are removed by?
macrophages in spleen
45
In the lungs oxygen binds with heme iron portion to form __________, when blood reaches the body tissue capillaries, hemoglobin releases oxygen first into interstitial fluid and then to cell for its cellular metabolism.
oxyhemoglobin
46
Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism from the tissue, will bind with globin to form ____________. As blood flows to the lungs carbon dioxide is released by hemoglobin and then exhaled.
carbaminohemoglobin
47
production of RBC
erythropoiesis
48
erythropoiesis' site of production
red bone marrow of certain bones
49
Stimulates kidney to produce hormone erythropoietin which in turn stimulates red bone marrow to produce RBC.
Hypoxia
50
Immature RBC is called?
Reticulocyte
51
Mature RBC is called?
Erythrocyte
52
Hemoglobin count in male
14-16 gm
53
Hemoglobin count in female
12-14 gm
54
Male has higher Hgb because?
Testosterone found more in male stimulates synthesis of EPO
55
what is Hct?
Hematocrit
56
hematocrit meaning
to separate (blood)
57
number of RBC in whole blood
Hematocrit
58
percentage of RBC in whole blood in (male)
45-52%
59
percentage of RBC in whole blood in (female)
37-48%
60
RBC Disorders
Anemia
Hemophilia
61
percentage of volume of blood sample occupied by red cells
Hematocrit
62
Supernatant plasma, buffy coat, and packed RBCs
Hematocrit
63
Normal WBC count
5,000 to 10,000
64
Does WBC have hemoglobin?
WBC have no hemoglobin.
65
Less numerous and larger than RBC.
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
66
Most WBC live in few days except ________ can live for several months or years.
lymphocyte
67
Combats pathogen by phagocytosis and immune response.
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
68
2 Processes involve as defense against microorganisms in WBC
Chemotaxis
Diapedesis
69
Process by which neutrophil and other WBC are attached to the chemicals released by microorganisms at the site of infection or injury.
Chemotaxis
70
Process by which WBC leaves the bloodstream by being able to deform, elongate, squeeze through pores of capillaries to reach injured tissue.
Diapedesis
71
Types of WBC
1. Granular Leucocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
2. Non Granular Leucocytes (Lymphocytes, Monocytes)
72
Most numerous leucocyte.
Neutrophils
73
Cell size and quantity = 60-70%
• most numerous leucocyte
• nucleus 3-5 lobes
• BARR Body - inactive X chromosome found only in female important in sex identification first line of defense - responds quickly to bacterial infection
• contains lysozyme
• tains neutral pink - blue
Neutrophils
74
Second most numerous granulocyte.
Eosinophils
75
• 2-4%-second most numerous granulocyte
• Granules contain lysozymes, peroxidases to destroy intruder
• Stains pink in acidic dyes
• Phagocytize Ag-Ab complexes
• Destroy certain parasitic worm
• Combat effects of histamine in allergic reaction by releasing histaminase
Eosinophils
76
Least commonly encountered granulocyte.
Basophils
77
• 0.5-1%
• least commonly encountered granulocyte
• coarse large granules which stain dark blue obscuring S-shaped nucleus
• liberates heparin (anticoagulant); slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis- SRS-A
Basophils
78
Most numerous agranular leucocyte.
Lymphocytes
79
• 20-25%
• most numerous agranular leucocyte
• have minimal cytoplasm and lack specific granules, not phagocytic
• produced in bone marrow and lymphoid
• acute viral and chronic bacterial infection
• produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
80
Types of Lymphocytes
B - cell
T - cell
NK cells
81
• 3-8%
• kidney shaped nucleus
• largest of formed elements
• stays in the bloodstream only for 3 days
• capable of phagocytosis as it transforms to macrophages
Monocytes
82
Nucleus is horseshoe-shaped or kidney-shaped.
Monocytes
83
normal number of platelets
150,000-400,000
84
are platelets nucleated or anucleated?
nucleated
85
are shed from the surface of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow
Platelets
86
Platelets is usually described as having a ___________ shape?
biconvex discoidal
87
approximately 2 to 4 um in diameter and often appear in clumps
Platelets
88
1. They prevent loss of blood by clotting.
2. Platelets also have an incompletely understood role in maintaining the integrity of the endothelial lining.
3. Platelets react to abnormal surfaces such as might be encountered in a bleeding wound. Such platelets are activated. Mass of platelets increases called thrombus.
4. They release factors that participate in the clotting cascade and in fibrin formation.
Role of Platelets in Homeostasis
89
mass of platelets increases called
thrombus
