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ANAPHY > BLOOD > Flashcards

BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

A specialized connective tissue.

A

Blood

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2
Q

Place an important role in maintaining homeostasis in a living organism.

A

Blood

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3
Q

% of blood in average adult

A

7-9%

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4
Q

amount of blood in male

A

5-6 Liters

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5
Q

amount of blood in female

A

4-5 liters

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6
Q

Red color of arterial blood is due to?

A

oxygenated hemoglobin (Hgb)

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7
Q

Functions of Blood

A
  1. Transport
  2. Protection
  3. Regulation
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8
Q

in functions of blood, “transport” does what?

A

transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues

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9
Q

in functions of blood, “protection” does what?

A

clot preventing excessive loss of blood

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10
Q

in functions of blood, “regulation” does what?

A
  • platelets maintain homeostasis
  • controls ph acid base balance
  • albumin osmotic pressure helps retain water
  • help dissipate heat
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11
Q

liquid portion; component of blood

A

Plasma

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12
Q

solvent for dissolving and transport of nutrients

A

Water

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13
Q

% of water in blood

A

90%

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14
Q

Plasma proteins are?

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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15
Q

Promotes water retention to maintain blood volume and pressure.

A

Albumin

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16
Q

Carrier molecule to transport liquid and fat soluble vitamin in the blood.

A

Globulin

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17
Q

used as antibodies

A

globulin

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18
Q

immunoglobulins

A

globulin

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19
Q

blood clotting

A

fibrinogen

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20
Q

plasma minus fibrinogen and other protein

A

serum

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21
Q

inorganic molecules that separate into ions when they are dissolved in water

A

plasma electrolytes

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22
Q

positively charged like Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg +

A

cations

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23
Q

chloride, phosphate, iodide

A

anions

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24
Q

glucose, amino acid, phospholipid, triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol

A

nutrients

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25
Q

lactic acid, nitrogenous waste (urea)

A

metabolic wastes

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26
Q

principal gases dissolved in plasma

A

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide

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27
Q

Components of Blood

A
  1. Water
  2. Plasma proteins
  3. Plasma electrolytes
  4. Nutrients and waste products
  5. Gases and buffers
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28
Q

whole cell, cell fragments

A

formed elements

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29
Q

Red Blood Cell (RBC)

A

erythrocyte

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30
Q

White Blood Cell (WBC)

A

leukocyte

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31
Q

Platelets

A

thrombocytes

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32
Q

RBC (erythrocytes) percentage % of blood

A

45% of whole blood

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33
Q

WBC (leukocytes) percentage % of blood

A

<1% of whole blood

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34
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes) percentage % of blood

A

<1% of whole blood

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35
Q

are the most numerous blood cell are about one thousand times more numerous than white blood cells.

A

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

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36
Q

Erythrocytes in diameter

A

7 to 8 um

37
Q

Erythrocytes is 5.5 million/cu. mm in?

A

Male

38
Q

Erythrocytes is 4.9 million/cu. mm in?

A

Female

39
Q

shape of erythrocytes

A

biconcave disc

40
Q

anucleated means

A

no nucleus

41
Q

contains oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin that gives blood its red color

A

Erythrocytes

42
Q

life span of erythrocytes

A

120 days

43
Q

Erythrocytes have a plasma membrane that is?

A

Strong and flexible

44
Q

old RBC’s are removed by?

A

macrophages in spleen

45
Q

In the lungs oxygen binds with heme iron portion to form __________, when blood reaches the body tissue capillaries, hemoglobin releases oxygen first into interstitial fluid and then to cell for its cellular metabolism.

A

oxyhemoglobin

46
Q

Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism from the tissue, will bind with globin to form ____________. As blood flows to the lungs carbon dioxide is released by hemoglobin and then exhaled.

A

carbaminohemoglobin

47
Q

production of RBC

A

erythropoiesis

48
Q

erythropoiesis’ site of production

A

red bone marrow of certain bones

49
Q

Stimulates kidney to produce hormone erythropoietin which in turn stimulates red bone marrow to produce RBC.

A

Hypoxia

50
Q

Immature RBC is called?

A

Reticulocyte

51
Q

Mature RBC is called?

A

Erythrocyte

52
Q

Hemoglobin count in male

A

14-16 gm

53
Q

Hemoglobin count in female

A

12-14 gm

54
Q

Male has higher Hgb because?

A

Testosterone found more in male stimulates synthesis of EPO

55
Q

what is Hct?

A

Hematocrit

56
Q

hematocrit meaning

A

to separate (blood)

57
Q

number of RBC in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

58
Q

percentage of RBC in whole blood in (male)

A

45-52%

59
Q

percentage of RBC in whole blood in (female)

A

37-48%

60
Q

RBC Disorders

A

Anemia
Hemophilia

61
Q

percentage of volume of blood sample occupied by red cells

A

Hematocrit

62
Q

Supernatant plasma, buffy coat, and packed RBCs

A

Hematocrit

63
Q

Normal WBC count

A

5,000 to 10,000

64
Q

Does WBC have hemoglobin?

A

WBC have no hemoglobin.

65
Q

Less numerous and larger than RBC.

A

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

66
Q

Most WBC live in few days except ________ can live for several months or years.

A

lymphocyte

67
Q

Combats pathogen by phagocytosis and immune response.

A

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

68
Q

2 Processes involve as defense against microorganisms in WBC

A

Chemotaxis
Diapedesis

69
Q

Process by which neutrophil and other WBC are attached to the chemicals released by microorganisms at the site of infection or injury.

A

Chemotaxis

70
Q

Process by which WBC leaves the bloodstream by being able to deform, elongate, squeeze through pores of capillaries to reach injured tissue.

A

Diapedesis

71
Q

Types of WBC

A
  1. Granular Leucocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
  2. Non Granular Leucocytes (Lymphocytes, Monocytes)
72
Q

Most numerous leucocyte.

A

Neutrophils

73
Q

Cell size and quantity = 60-70%

• most numerous leucocyte
• nucleus 3-5 lobes
• BARR Body - inactive X chromosome found only in female important in sex identification first line of defense - responds quickly to bacterial infection
• contains lysozyme
• tains neutral pink - blue

A

Neutrophils

74
Q

Second most numerous granulocyte.

A

Eosinophils

75
Q

• 2-4%-second most numerous granulocyte
• Granules contain lysozymes, peroxidases to destroy intruder
• Stains pink in acidic dyes
• Phagocytize Ag-Ab complexes
• Destroy certain parasitic worm
• Combat effects of histamine in allergic reaction by releasing histaminase

A

Eosinophils

76
Q

Least commonly encountered granulocyte.

A

Basophils

77
Q

• 0.5-1%
• least commonly encountered granulocyte
• coarse large granules which stain dark blue obscuring S-shaped nucleus
• liberates heparin (anticoagulant); slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis- SRS-A

A

Basophils

78
Q

Most numerous agranular leucocyte.

A

Lymphocytes

79
Q

• 20-25%
• most numerous agranular leucocyte
• have minimal cytoplasm and lack specific granules, not phagocytic
• produced in bone marrow and lymphoid
• acute viral and chronic bacterial infection
• produce antibodies

A

Lymphocytes

80
Q

Types of Lymphocytes

A

B - cell
T - cell
NK cells

81
Q

• 3-8%
• kidney shaped nucleus
• largest of formed elements
• stays in the bloodstream only for 3 days
• capable of phagocytosis as it transforms to macrophages

A

Monocytes

82
Q

Nucleus is horseshoe-shaped or kidney-shaped.

A

Monocytes

83
Q

normal number of platelets

A

150,000-400,000

84
Q

are platelets nucleated or anucleated?

A

nucleated

85
Q

are shed from the surface of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow

A

Platelets

86
Q

Platelets is usually described as having a ___________ shape?

A

biconvex discoidal

87
Q

approximately 2 to 4 um in diameter and often appear in clumps

A

Platelets

88
Q
  1. They prevent loss of blood by clotting.
  2. Platelets also have an incompletely understood role in maintaining the integrity of the endothelial lining.
  3. Platelets react to abnormal surfaces such as might be encountered in a bleeding wound. Such platelets are activated. Mass of platelets increases called thrombus.
  4. They release factors that participate in the clotting cascade and in fibrin formation.
A

Role of Platelets in Homeostasis

89
Q

mass of platelets increases called

A

thrombus

ANAPHY (5 decks)

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