Blood

Question 1

What are the two circulatory systems?

Answer 1

Pulmonary and Systemic

Question 2

What are the three components of the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Heart, Blood, and Blood vessels

Question 3

Whats the fxn of the heart?

Answer 3

Pump blood through the body

Question 4

Whats the fxn of the blood?

Answer 4

Transport of gases, nutrients, and waste.

Question 5

Whats the fxn of blood vessels?

Answer 5

To receive the blood and collect what is carrying.

Question 6

What molecules are transported by blood?

Answer 6

Gases(O2, CO2), hormones, proteins, and waste products

Question 7

How is blood pH maintained?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin and albumin act as a buffer to blood ph, keeping it between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 8

What makes up blood?

Answer 8

Formed elements and plasma.

Question 9

Whats the major function of formed elements?

Answer 9

Increase immune function, Carry O2, and help with clotting.

Question 10

Whats the major function of plasma

Answer 10

Plasma helps keep the blood less viscous and carry proteins

Question 11

What is formed elements made of?

Answer 11

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and thrombocytes.

Question 12

What is the hematocrit?

Answer 12

It is the the cell volume when compared to the total volume of blood

Question 13

What does a high and low hematocrit mean?

Answer 13

High mean blood is too viscous and the heart is working too hard, while a low hematocrit means it doesn’t have enough RBC to carry O2

Question 14

What is polycythemia?

Answer 14

When the hematocrit is too high

Question 15

Whats the function of Erythrocytes

Answer 15

To carry oxygen, also most numerous.

Question 16

Whats the function of leukocytes?

Answer 16

They are the main contributes to immune function, also least common

Question 17

What is the function of thrombocytes?

Answer 17

To help with clotting

Question 18

Describe a RBC

Answer 18

It has no nucleus or mitochondria, has a bi-concave disk in the center, and features hemoglobin.

Question 19

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 19

It makes up 1/3 of the RBC and is the pigment that carries O2 in RBCs

Question 20

What is a hemocytoblast?

Answer 20

It’s the stem cell that all blood cells are derived. They are located in RBM

Question 21

What is anemia?

Answer 21

It is when the blood has a decreased capacity to carry oxygen, possibly causing some tissues to not get enough O2

Question 22

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 22

It is the hormone that is produced predominantly by specialized cells of the kidney, and it stimulates RBC synthesis in RBM

Question 23

What happens when a erythrocyte is recycled?

Answer 23

It is degraded in a macrophage, being phagocytosed into a heme and globin, which is turned into amino acids and iron.

Question 24

What is bilirubin? What is it derived from?

Answer 24

Bilirubin is a yellow molecule that is toxic if left within certain parts of the body. It is incorporated with bile in the liver. Derived from biliverdin.

Question 25

Where is iron stored? Why is iron important?

Answer 25

Stored in bone marrow and the liver, and its important because it makes up heme in hemoglobin.

Question 26

What are the five types of leukocytes?

Answer 26

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Question 27

What is visual difference of each leukocyte?

Answer 27

Neutrophils: Many Nuclei Eosinophils: Bilobed nucleus Basophils: Big blob that won't come into focus Lymphocytes: Large round nucleus Monocytes: Heart or kidney shaped

Question 28

What does each leukocyte do?

Answer 28

Neutrophils: Phagocytosis Eosinophils: Phagocytosis and anti-inflammatory chemicals Basophils: Phagocytosis and production of histamine and heparin. Lymphocytes: T and B cells Monocytes: Phagocytosis and macrophages.

Question 29

How are thrombocytes produced?

Answer 29

They are cell fragments from megakaryocytes.

Question 30

What re the three stages of clotting?

Answer 30

There is vascular spasm(Vasodilation), Platelet plug, and Coagulation

Question 31

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic clotting

Answer 31

Intrinsic is activated by internal damage while extrinsic is activated by the tissue thats damaged. Both result in coagulation.

Question 32

What are clotting factors?

Answer 32

They are proteins that form blood clots to stop bleeding.

Question 33

Why don't clots just form in our veins and arteries?

Answer 33

There is naturally forming anti-coagulants in blood

Question 34

What protein stabilizes blood clots?

Answer 34

Fibrogen

Question 35

What is hemophilia?

Answer 35

Impaired ability for blood to clot.

Question 36

What the difference in a thrombus and embolism?

Answer 36

Thrombus is stationary, while embolism is a traveling blood clot

Question 37

How do various anticoagulants prevent clots from forming inapproprately?

Answer 37

Inhibiting clotting factors, thromboxane, and breaks clots already formed.