Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens during the life of a RBC?

A

lifespan = 100-120 days

old become fragile - engulfed by macrophages
*iron is salvaged by proteins
*Hbg heme and globin are separate

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2
Q

What happens to Heme during the destruction of RBC

A

heme is degraded to yellow bilirubin
* liver picks it up and secretes it (bile) into intestines
*intestines turn bilirubin –>urobilinogen
*leaves body as poop in pigment called stercobilin

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3
Q

What is EPO? and what is its function

A

hormone release by kidney (when blood oxygen level is low) –> new red blood cells (kidney –> red bone marrow)

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4
Q

What happens to a dying RBC?

A

reuse iron and amino acids

heme is broken down in liver –> intestine –> feces

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5
Q

What is anemia?

A

low RBC count = abnormal metabolism –> fatigue and chills

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6
Q

What are the different types of Anemia?

A

Blood loss - Hemorrhagic Anemia - acute/chronic loss

Lack of RBC produced
*Iron-deficiency - lack of iron foods/absorption
*renal - lack of EPO

too many RBCs destroyed
* hemolytic - RBC rupture due to genetic Hbg, infection, or bad blood
* thalassemia - absence/bad of globin
*sickle-cell - defective Hbg

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7
Q

What is Polycythemia and what are the 3 mains types?

A

polycythemia - excess RBC = high blood viscosity
*primary (Vera) - idiopathic bone marrow hyperplasia (cancer)
*secondary - less oxygen available/EPO increases
*Blood doping - infusion of RBC

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8
Q

What are Leukocytes? What happens during infection?

A

WBC - immune system defense
*diapedesis - leave capillaries to get to infected site

leukocytosis - high WBC count ( >11k/microL) for infection

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9
Q

What is the difference between Granulocytes and Agranulocytes? Which of the Leukocytes are what?

A

Granulocytes - destroy bacteria/foreign + histamine to attract WBC

Agranulocytes - no granules in cyto + T/B immunity cells + develop macrophages

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10
Q

What is Leukopoiesis? And the colony stimulating factors?

A

production of WBC

CSF - glycoproteins stim bone marrow –> granulocytes + stem cells + monocytes –> bloodstream

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11
Q

What are some Leukocyte disorders?

A

leukopenia - low WBC

overproduction of abnormal
*leukemia - cancerous condition of WBC attacking everything
*infectious mononucleosis - kissing disease

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12
Q

Which WBC are granulocytes and agranulocytes?

A

granulocytes: N, E, B

agranulocytes: L, M

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13
Q

How to differentiate between the different WBCs?

A

Neutrophil = fight bacteria/phagocytosis
Eosinophil = foreign bodies
Basophil - histamine for WBCs

Lymphocyte = T/B cells for immunity
Monocyte = macrophages

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14
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

Stem cell –> Megakaryocyte –> platelets

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15
Q
A
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