Blood Flashcards
What happens during the life of a RBC?
lifespan = 100-120 days
old become fragile - engulfed by macrophages
*iron is salvaged by proteins
*Hbg heme and globin are separate
What happens to Heme during the destruction of RBC
heme is degraded to yellow bilirubin
* liver picks it up and secretes it (bile) into intestines
*intestines turn bilirubin –>urobilinogen
*leaves body as poop in pigment called stercobilin
What is EPO? and what is its function
hormone release by kidney (when blood oxygen level is low) –> new red blood cells (kidney –> red bone marrow)
What happens to a dying RBC?
reuse iron and amino acids
heme is broken down in liver –> intestine –> feces
What is anemia?
low RBC count = abnormal metabolism –> fatigue and chills
What are the different types of Anemia?
Blood loss - Hemorrhagic Anemia - acute/chronic loss
Lack of RBC produced
*Iron-deficiency - lack of iron foods/absorption
*renal - lack of EPO
too many RBCs destroyed
* hemolytic - RBC rupture due to genetic Hbg, infection, or bad blood
* thalassemia - absence/bad of globin
*sickle-cell - defective Hbg
What is Polycythemia and what are the 3 mains types?
polycythemia - excess RBC = high blood viscosity
*primary (Vera) - idiopathic bone marrow hyperplasia (cancer)
*secondary - less oxygen available/EPO increases
*Blood doping - infusion of RBC
What are Leukocytes? What happens during infection?
WBC - immune system defense
*diapedesis - leave capillaries to get to infected site
leukocytosis - high WBC count ( >11k/microL) for infection
What is the difference between Granulocytes and Agranulocytes? Which of the Leukocytes are what?
Granulocytes - destroy bacteria/foreign + histamine to attract WBC
Agranulocytes - no granules in cyto + T/B immunity cells + develop macrophages
What is Leukopoiesis? And the colony stimulating factors?
production of WBC
CSF - glycoproteins stim bone marrow –> granulocytes + stem cells + monocytes –> bloodstream
What are some Leukocyte disorders?
leukopenia - low WBC
overproduction of abnormal
*leukemia - cancerous condition of WBC attacking everything
*infectious mononucleosis - kissing disease
Which WBC are granulocytes and agranulocytes?
granulocytes: N, E, B
agranulocytes: L, M
How to differentiate between the different WBCs?
Neutrophil = fight bacteria/phagocytosis
Eosinophil = foreign bodies
Basophil - histamine for WBCs
Lymphocyte = T/B cells for immunity
Monocyte = macrophages
How are platelets formed?
Stem cell –> Megakaryocyte –> platelets
