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ANAPHY | Cardiocascular system > BLOOD > Flashcards

BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

The only fluid tissue in the body

A

Blood

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2
Q

Specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells

A

Formed elements

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3
Q

suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Total blood volume in an average adult is about:

A

4-5 liters in females and 5-6 liters in males.

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5
Q

the total weight of the body

A

8%

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6
Q

Blood components

A
  1. Withdraw bloof and place in tube.
  2. Centrifuge the blood sample.
  3. Formed elements
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7
Q

Formed elements:

A

Plasma
Buffy coat
Erythrocytes

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8
Q

55% of whole blood and least dense component

A

Plasma

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9
Q

Leukocytes and platelets, 1% of whole body.

A

Buffy coat

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10
Q

45% of whole blood (hemotocrit), most dense component.

A

Erythrocytes

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11
Q

Blood - Physical Characteristics:

A

• Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste
• Color varies from scarlet to dark red.
• Blood is denser than water and about five times more viscous, largely because of the formed elements.
• Slightly alkaline (pH – 7.35-7.45)

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12
Q

Functions of blood:

A

Protection > Distribution > Regulation > Protection

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13
Q

A pale - yellow fluid that consists of about:

• 91% water
• 7% proteins
• 2% other solutes

A

Plasma

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14
Q

Plasma consists of

A

• 91% water
• 7% proteins
• 2% other solutes

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15
Q

Plasma proteins includes:

A

• Albumin
• Globulin
• Fibrinogen

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16
Q

Contributes to osmotic pressure

A

Albumin (58%)

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17
Q

Composed of gamma, alpha and beta

A

Globulin (38%)

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18
Q

Contributes to blood clot

A

Fibrinogen (4%)

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19
Q

The process of blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

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20
Q

All the formed elements of the blood are derived from a single population of cells

A

Stem cells

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21
Q

Stem cells composed of:

A

• 95% of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• 5% of white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets (thrombocytes)

Red Blood C

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22
Q

Biconcave disk, no nucleus, contains hemoglobin which colors the cell red.

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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23
Q

6.5-8.5 micrometer in diameter.

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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24
Q

A microliter of blood contains

A

5 million of red blood cells.

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25
Q

A microliter of blood contains 5 million of red blood cells.

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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26
Q

Function: Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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27
Q

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

A

a. Hemoglobin consists of globin (two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains) and four heme groups.
b. Iron-containing heme pigment.

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28
Q

Spherical cells with a nucleus

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

29
Q

A microliter of blood contains 5000-10,000 white blood cells.

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

30
Q

Body’s defense against pathogens

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

31
Q

Five types of White Blood Cells (Leukocytes):

A

• Neutrophil • Basophil
• Eosinophil
• Lymphocyte

32
Q

Minute fragments of cells, each consisting of small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by cell membrane.

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

33
Q

A microliter of blood contains

A

150,000- 400,000 platelets.

34
Q

A microliter of blood contains 150,000- 400,000 platelets.

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

35
Q

Function: Preventing Blood loss

A

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

36
Q

A laboratory examination of blood yields information that can be used to evaluate a person’s health. This involves CBC, Differential white blood cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time, etc.

A

Diagnostic Blood tests

37
Q

Analysis of blood that provides much useful information

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

38
Q

Blood test (Red Blood Count)

A

Normal Values:

Male: 4.6-6.2 million per microliter of blood
Female: 4.2-5.4 million per microliter of blood

39
Q

Blood test (Hemoglobin Measurement)

A

Normal Values:

Male: 14-18 grams per 100mL of blood
Female: 12-16 grams per 100mL of blood

40
Q

Blood test (Hematocrit Measurement)

A

Normal Values:

Male: 40-52% of the blood Female: 38-48% of the blood Male: 40-52% of the blood Female: 38-48% of the blood

41
Q

Blood test (White Blood Count)

A

5000-9000 per microliter of Blood

42
Q

Determines the percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells.

A

Differential White Blood Cell

43
Q

Differential White Blood Cell normally, each kind account for:

A

• 60-70% - neutrophils
• 20-25%. – lymphocytes • 3-8% - monocytes
• 2-4% - eosinophils
• 0.5-1% - basophils
of the entire white blood cell

44
Q

The blood’s ability to clot can be assess through platelet counts and prothrombin time measurement.

A

Clotting

45
Q

The blood’s ability to clot can be assess through:

A

Platelet count and Prothrombin Time measurement

46
Q

Normal value: 150, 000 – 400, 000
platelets per microliter of blood.

A

Platelet Count

47
Q

Platelet Count

A
48
Q

Normal value: 150, 000 – 400, 000 platelets per microliter of blood.

A

Platelet Count

49
Q

calculates how long it takes for the blood to start clotting. Normally – 9-12 seconds.

A

Prothrombin Time Measurement

50
Q

The composition of materials dissolved or suspended in the plasma can be used to assess the functioning of many of the body’s systems

A

Blood chemistry

51
Q

Glucose, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chlorides, lipid, etc.

A

Blood chemistry

52
Q

Process of blood loss prevention

A

Hemostatis

53
Q

It involves many clotting factors normally present in plasma as well as several substances that are released by platelets and injured tissue cells.

A

Hemostatis

54
Q

smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction

A

Vascular Spasm

55
Q

injury lining of vessel exposes to collagen fibers. Platelets also adhere and release chemicals that cause formation of a plug.

A

Platelet plug formation

56
Q

fibrin forms a mesh that traps RBC and platelets forming a clot.

A

Coagulation

57
Q

transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another

A

Transfusion

58
Q

introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as saline or glucose solution, into the blood.

A

Infusion

59
Q

protein that a surface of each red blood cell carries.

A

Antigen

60
Q

the blood plasma carries antibodies against the antigens of the other blood types.

A

Antibodies

61
Q

clumping or rupture of blood cells and clotting within blood vessels.

A

Transfusion reaction

62
Q

Caused by interactions by antigens and antibodies that can result into:

A

• Agglutination – clumping of blood cells • Hemolysis – rupture of the blood cells

63
Q

System used to categorize human blood.

A

ABO Blood Group

64
Q

the person who gives blood

A

Donor

65
Q

the person who receives blood

A

Recipient

66
Q

Responsible for hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can occur when the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative

A

Rh blood group

67
Q

Rh-positive blood has

A

Rh antigen

68
Q

Rh-negative blood

A

does not (lacks specific antigen)

ANAPHY | Cardiocascular system (5 decks)

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