Blood

Question 1

blood is which type of tissue

Answer 1

special connective tissue

Question 2

what does blood contain

Answer 2

fluid marix called plasma
formed elements

Question 3

what colour is plasma

Answer 3

straw coloured

Question 4

how much percent of blood is plasma

Answer 4

55

Question 5

plasma is how much percent water and how much percent proteins

Answer 5

90-92
6-8

Question 6

major proteins in plasma

Answer 6

fibrionogen
globulins
albumins

Question 7

function of fibrinogen

Answer 7

clotting / coagulation of blood
(present in inactive form)

Question 8

function of globulin

Answer 8

involved in defense mechanisms of body

Question 9

function of albumin

Answer 9

help in osmotic balance

Question 10

what minerals are also present in plasma in small amounts

Answer 10

Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3-, Cl-, etc

Question 11

plasma without fibrinogen is called

Answer 11

serum

Question 12

what are formed elements

Answer 12

erythrocytes
leucocytes
platelets

Question 13

how much percent of blood are formed elements

Answer 13

45

Question 14

which is the most abundant of all cells in blood

Answer 14

erythrocytes

Question 15

how many rbcs does a healthy man on average have

Answer 15

5 to 5.5 million per mm^3 of blood

Question 16

where are rbcs formed in adults

Answer 16

red bone marrow

Question 17

do rbc have a nucleus
what is their shape

Answer 17

no
biconcave

Question 18

iron containing protein in rbc

Answer 18

haemoglobin

Question 19

how much haemoglobin does a healthy person have

Answer 19

12 to 16 gm per 100 ml of blood

Question 20

average lifespan of rbc

Answer 20

120 days

Question 21

where are rbc destroyed and what is that organ called

Answer 21

spleen
graveyard of rbcs

Question 22

why are leucocytes colourless

Answer 22

due to lack of haemoglobin

Question 23

do wbc have a nucleus

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

how many wbc does a healthy person have

Answer 24

6000 to 8000 per mm^3 of blood

Question 25

two main categories of wbc

Answer 25

granulocytes agranulocytes

Question 26

granulocytes

Answer 26

neutrophils eosinophils basophiles

Question 27

agranulocytes

Answer 27

lymphocytes monocytes

Question 28

which cell is most abundant of total wbc in blood and which is the least

Answer 28

neutrophils (60 - 65%) basophils (0.5 - 1%)

Question 29

which wbc are phagocytic

Answer 29

neutrophils monocytes

Question 30

percentage of monocytes in blood

Answer 30

6-8

Question 31

function of basophil

Answer 31

secretion of histamine, serotonin, heparin involved in inflammatory reactions

Question 32

percentage of eosinophils in blood

Answer 32

2-3

Question 33

function of eosinophils

Answer 33

resist infections associated with allergic reactions

Question 34

percentage of lymphocytes

Answer 34

20-25

Question 35

two major types of lymphocytes

Answer 35

B and T

Question 36

function of lymphocytes

Answer 36

immune responses of body

Question 37

platelets are also called

Answer 37

thrombocytes

Question 38

how are platelets produced

Answer 38

platelets are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes which are special cells in the bone marrow

Question 39

amount in platelets in blood

Answer 39

1,50,000 to 3,50,000 per mm^3

Question 40

what does reduction of platelets lead to

Answer 40

clotting disorders which will lead to excessive loss of blood from body

Question 41

widely used groupings of blood

Answer 41

ABO and Rh

Question 42

what are antigens

Answer 42

chemicals that induce immune response

Question 43

two antigens on rbc in ABO grouping

Answer 43

A B

Question 44

if imcompatible blood is accidentally transfused to a recipient, what happens

Answer 44

clumping of blood (destruction of rbc)

Question 45

four blood groups in ABO grouping

Answer 45

A B AB O

Question 46

universal donor

Answer 46

O

Question 47

universal recipient

Answer 47

AB

Question 48

in Rh grouping, Rh antigen on rbc is similar to one present in which animal

Answer 48

rhesus monkey

Question 49

special case of Rh incompatibility

Answer 49

Rh-ve blood of pregnant mother with Rh+ve blood of foetus

Question 50

the imcompatible blood of mother and foetus are well separated by which organ

Answer 50

placenta

Question 51

when is there a possibility of incompatible blood of mother and foetus mixing and what happens

Answer 51

during delivery mother starts preparing antibodies against Rh antigen

Question 52

what about her subsequent pregnancies

Answer 52

Rh-ve blood of mother could leak into blood of Rh+ve foetus and destroy foetal rbcs fatal to foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice

Question 53

Rh-ve blood of mother could leak into blood of Rh+ve foetus and destroy foetal rbcs this condition is called

Answer 53

erythroblastosis foetalis haemolytic disease of new born

Question 54

how can erythroblastosis foetalis be avoided

Answer 54

by administering anti-Rh antibodies to mother immediately after delivery of first child rhogam vaccine

Question 55

with what is a clot or coagulam formed

Answer 55

network of threads called fibrins

Question 56

how are fibrins formed

Answer 56

platelets release substances to start a cascade process to form enzyme thrombokinase which surpervises prothrombin to thrombin enzyme thrombin supervises fibrinogen to fibrins calcium ions are required in each step

Question 57

how is mechanism of clotting stimulated

Answer 57

injury or trauma stimulates platelets in blood to release certain factors