Blood

Question 1

Distribution of blood in a 70kg man

Answer 1

5L total. 1 in lungs, 1 in heart and 3 in circulation

Question 2

What percentage of a woman’s body weight is her blood mass?

Answer 2

7-8%

Question 3

What 4 main substances are carried in blood?

Answer 3

RBC’s, WBC’s, Plasma, Platalets

Question 4

What percentage of our body weight is plasma, and what is the major component in plasma?

Answer 4

4% and 95%

Question 5

What is the importance of proteins in the plasma?

Answer 5

Drives colloid oncotic pressure in the capillaries.

Question 6

Which force opposes colloid oncotic pressure (to remove water from capillaries)

Answer 6

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 7

How does the conc. of water vary in the ISF and Plasma?

Answer 7

Same conc. but ISF has 3-4x more water

Question 8

What are the three plasma proteins?

Answer 8

Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen

Question 9

What are three main functions of the blood?

Answer 9

Thermoregulation, Defence and pH regulation.

Question 10

Role of Albumin?

Answer 10

Maintaining oncotic pressure in the blood and overall body fluids.

Question 11

Role of Globulin?

Answer 11

Role in the immune system as antibodies. Also transports lipids, hormones and lipids

Question 12

Role of Fibrinogen?

Answer 12

Role in the blood clotting process

Question 13

What is the name of a cell created in the bone marrow?

Answer 13

Myeloid cell

Question 14

What is the process of formation of red blood cells?

Answer 14

Erythropoeisis. Erythropoeitin protein assists pluripotent stem cells to allow them to specialise.

Question 15

How is Erythropoeitin produced and what increases production?

Answer 15

In kidneys. Production can increase due to lack of oxygen in the tissues of the kidneys

Question 16

What’s the function of a red blood cell+ life expectancy

Answer 16

Living 120 days, packed with haemoglobin, it has an important role in gas exchange.

Question 17

Name the 5 main WBC’s

Answer 17

Neutrophils, Eusinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Question 18

Granulocytes vs Agranulocytes

Answer 18

Granulocytes have granules with enzymes which are released during infections or allergies. Agranulocytes have no granules.

Question 19

Which WBC’s are granulocytes?

Answer 19

Eusinophils, basophils and neutrophils

Question 20

Monocyte vs Macrophage?

Answer 20

Macrophages are monocytes which have been released into the tissues rather than still in the blood. this happens 1-3 days later. Both involves in innate immunity but macrophages are antigen presenting and monocytes release cytokines (both adaptive)

Question 21

What is the name of the process of WBC formation? What 2 categories can it be split into?

Answer 21

Leukopoeisis. Split into Myelopoeisis and Lymphopoeisis

Question 22

Colony stimulating factors importance in WBC formation?

Answer 22

These are glycoproteins that bind to receptors on hemopoeitic stem cells, stimulating them to differentiate

Question 23

Thrombopoeitin role and where is it secreted

Answer 23

Regulates the formation of platelets in the bone marrow. Protein secreted by kidney and liver

Question 24

Role of platelets + life expectancy

Answer 24

Adhere to damaged vessel walls and connective tissue to mediate blood clotting. 10 days

Question 25

What is haematocrit?

Answer 25

Ratio of Red mood cells:Total volume of blood. Norm is 40-50%.

Question 26

What can affect your haematocrit?

Answer 26

Loss of blood, early death of RBC’s, bone marrow not producing good amount

Question 27

What is Viscocity and what affects it?

Answer 27

How thick/sti(3.4x thicker). Haematocrit, blood temperature and blood pressure affect viscosity

Question 28

What is the name of the process of blood formation?

Answer 28

haemopoeisis

Question 29

What are the 2 subcategories of Hematopoeisis?

Answer 29

Myelopoeisis and Lymphopoeisis

Question 30

Where is blood still produced in adults?

Answer 30

Pelvic, cranial, spine, ribs and proximal limb bones