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Embryo first semester 23-24 > Block II develop of body cavities > Flashcards

Block II develop of body cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the cardiogenic region?

A

Cardiogenic region is rostral in the trilaminar disc, but moves ventro-caudally (“below head”)

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2
Q

identify

A

19 day embryo - dorsal view

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3
Q

Where is the head located first?

A

Heart is above head first; ventro caudal movement

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4
Q

identify

A

no fused spaces, 20 day embryo dorsal view

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5
Q

The intraembryonic mesoderm has subdivisions:

A

lateral plate mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm
coelomic spaces

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6
Q

What is the U-shaped, horse shoe?

A

intraembryonic coelom is formed (is not a space)

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7
Q

of what is the intraembryonic coleom composed of?

A

composed of somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

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8
Q

splanchnic mesoderm is adjacent to?

A

layer of endoderm

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9
Q

somatic mesoderm is adjacent to?

A

layer of ectoderm

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10
Q

What will the intraembyonic coelom be?

A

future embryonic body cavity

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11
Q

What constitutes the future pericardial cavity?

A

the bend in the intraembryonic coelom at the cranial end of the embryo

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12
Q

WHat constitutes the future pleural and periotoneal cavity?

A

lateral edged of the intraembryonic coelom

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13
Q

identify

A
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14
Q

Explain the position of the coeloms and its importance

A

The intraembryonic coelom is continuous with the extreaembryonic coelom at the
lateral edges of the embryonic disc. This is an important communication because most of the midgut herniates through this communication into the umbilical cord, where it develops into most of the small intestine and part of the large intestine (the coelom provides room for the organs to develop and move).

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15
Q

What do the lateral extensions of the intraembryonic coelom (primordial embryonic body cavity) do?

A

are brought together on the ventral aspect of the embryo, completely separating the intra and extraembryonic coelom

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16
Q

What do the lateral folds encapsulate?

A

gut

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17
Q

Explains what happens when the cranial/caudal embryonic folds happen?

A

During the formation of the head fold, the heart and pericardial cavity move ventrocaudally, anterior to the foregut

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18
Q

What happens as a result of the ventrocaudal movement of the pericardial cavity?

A

the pericardial cavity opens into the pericardioperitoneal canals, which pass dorsal to the foregut.

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19
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom gives rise to in the 4th week?

A

a pericardial cavity, two pericardioperitoneal canals and a large peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

what is the septum trasversum?

A

messenchymal cells that form membrane into infold. a thick plate of mesoderm that
occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and the omphaloenteric duct

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21
Q

Where does pericardial cavity extend to?

A

around heart, continues with peritoneal cavity

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22
Q

Another name for pericardioperitoneal canal?

A

pleura

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23
Q

How many aortas does an embryo have?

A

2

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24
Q

What does future parietal peritoneum does?

A

covers cavity where organs are

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25
What does future visceral peritoneum does?
covers the organ
26
By what are parietal and visceral walls covered?
mesothelium
27
Where does parietal wall mesothelium derive from?
somatic mesoderm
28
Where does visceral wall mesothelium derive from?
splanchnic mesoderm
29
What are regions?
cavities + organs
30
What do coelomic walls give rise to?
mediastinum, retroperitoneal and pelvic regions
31
What does the coelomic give rise to?
body cavities
32
What does the future mediastinum region give rise to?
esophagus and larger vessels
33
What does the future retroperitoneal region give rise to?
kidneys, pancreas and adrenal glands
34
What does the future pelvic region give rise to?
reproductive organs
35
What is the dorsal/ventral mesentery?
bilayer of peritoneum that surrounds the liver and the heart at 4th week. It degrades and only surrounds the GI tract
36
The dorsal/ventral mesentery is an extension of?
visceral peritoneum covering an organ
37
What does the dorsal and ventral mesentery connects?
It connects the organ to the body wall and conveys its vessels and nerves
38
identify
39
What is the main fucntion of mesenteries?
irrigacion and innervation
39
Explain the progression of the mesenteries
The dorsal and ventral mesenteries divide the peritoneal cavity temporarily into right and left halves; the ventral mesentery soon disappears, except where it is attached to the caudal part of the foregut (future stomach and proximal part of the duodenum). The peritoneal cavity then becomes a continuous space.
40
Explain the arterial supply of the mesenteries
The arterial supply to the primordial gut (which passes between the layers of the dorsal mesentery) are: -the celiac trunk (foregut), -superior mesenteric artery (midgut) -inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut).
41
identify
add* superior mesenteric artery
42
Where do pleuras originate?
fold of messenchymal tissue (pleuropericardial folds and pleuroperitoneal folds)
43
What divides the embryonic body cavity?
pleuropericardial fold pleuroperitoneal fold (present of both sides)
44
what lies above the pleuropericardial fold?
pericardial cavity
45
what lies below the pleuroperitoneal fold?
peritoneal cavity
46
What lies between both pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial folds?
primitive pleura (space, no longer a canal)
47
What does the lungs do to the septum transversum?
as they grow they push down the septum transversum; septum transversum will eventually be a component of the diaphragm
48
What do lungs divide?
messenchyme from body wall
49
where does pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial flds come fro?
body wall, divide messenchyme from body wall
50
What are the divisions of the pleural cavities?
an outer layer that becomes the thoracic wall and an inner layer (the pleuropericardial membrane) that becomes the fibrous pericardium (outer layer of the pericardial sac that encloses the heart)
51
What happens with pleuropericardial folds?
Pleuorpericardial fold moves caudally as developing lungs expand, and eventually becomes the fibrous pericardium engulfing the heart. septum transversum descends.
52
What happens with the pleuropericardial membranes by week 7th?
the pleuropericardial membranes fuse with the mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus, forming the primordial mediastinum and separating the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities.
53
What happens to the pleuroperitoneal fold during the 6th week?
During the 6th week, they extend ventromedially until their free edges fuse with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and septum transversum. This separates the pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity.
54
What is the septum transversum compsed of?
composed of mesodermal tissue, is the future central tendon of the diaphragm.
54
what are the 4 origins of the embryonic diaphragm?
1. septum transversum 2. pleuroperitoneal membranes 3. dorsal mesentery of esophagus 4. lateral body walls
55
Where is the septum transversum located?
It is located caudal to the pericardial cavity and partially separates it from the developing peritoneal cavity
56
Explain the transformation of the septum transversum
to the pericardial cavity and partially separates it from the developing peritoneal cavity. After ventral folding of the head (4th week), it forms a thick, incomplete partition (where pericardioperitoneal canals lie) between the pericardial and abdominal cavities. It then expands and fuses with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and the pleuroperitoneal membranes.
57
With what does the pleuroperitoneal membrane fuse?
they fuse with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and the septum transversum. This completes the separation between thoracic and abdominal cavities and forms the primordial diaphragm
58
With what does the dorsal mesentery of esophagus fuse?
fuses with the septum transversum and the pleuroperitoneal membranes; this mesentery becomes the median portion of the diaphragm
59
what does the dorsal mesentery becomes?
Crura of the diaphragm – leg-like pair of muscle bundles that cross in the median plane anterior to the aorta; they develop from myoblasts that grow into the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus.
60
Explain the diaphragm development from lateral walls
During the 9th to 12th weeks, the lungs and pleural cavities enlarge into the lateral body walls. During the process, the body-wall tissue splits into an external layer, that becomes part of the definite abdominal wall, and an internal layer that contributes muscle tissue to peripheral portions of the diaphragm
61
What is the costodiaphragmatic recesses?`
Further extension of the developing pleural cavities into the lateral body walls forms the right and left costodiaphragmatic recesses (gives dome-shaped configuration of the diaphragm) flexibility
62
The majority of the diaphragm is innervated by?
phrenic nerve
63
explain the Positional changes of diaphragm during the 4th week
the septum transversum, prior to its descent with the heart, lies opposite the 3rd to 5th cervical somites. During the 5th week, myoblasts (future muscle cells) from these somites migrate into the developing diaphragm, bringing their nerve fibers with them [frenico baja con diafragma]
64
explain the iinervation of the diaaphragm
The phrenic nerves, that supply motor innervation to the diaphragm, arise from the ventral primary rami of the 3rd, 4th and 5th cervical nerves; they also supply sensory fibers (afferent) to the superior and inferior surfaces of the right and leftdomes of the diaphragm.
65
What other regions have sensory supply?
Costal border of diaphragm receives sensory fibers from the lower intercostal nerves because of origin from lateral body walls (intercostal muscles).
66
When does the the dorsal part of the diaphragm lies at the L1 level?
8th week early
67
what are the two sensory supplies of the diapragm?
phrenic and lower intercostal nerves
68
usually referred to as Bochodalek?
Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm
69
Explain Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm
Occurs in about 1:2200 newborn infants and is associated with CDH, or herniation of abdominal contents (often includes the stomach, spleen, and most of the intestines) into the thoracic cavity
70
What are the effects of Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm?
-Life-threatening breathing difficulties may be associated due to the inhibition of development and inflation of the lungs. Fetal lung maturation can also be delayed; CDH is the most common cause of pulmonary hypoplasia (pulmon no se desarrolla bien). -Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) may also be present -Not compatible with life
71
What does Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm result from?
Results from defective formation or fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane with the other parts of the diaphragm during the end of the 6th week of development; large opening in the posterolateral region of the diaphragm produces a continuous connection between the peritoneal and pleural cavities
72
diagnosis of PDD?
Prenatal diagnosis of CDH depends on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdominal organs in the thorax.
73
Why do babies with PDD die?
Most babies born with CDH die not because there is a defect in the diaphragm, but because the lungs are hypoplastic secondary to compression during development. If severe lung hypoplasia is present, some primordial alveoli may rupture, causing air to enter to the pleural cavity (pneumothorax).
74
identify
Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm CDH
75
What is Eventration of the Diaphragm?
Uncommon condition of diaphragmatic eventration, half the diaphragm has defective musculature, causing it to invade the thoracic cavity as a membranous sheet, forming a diaphragmatic pouch.
76
What does Eventration of diaphragm result in?
This congenital anomaly results mainly from failure of muscular tissue from the lateral body wall to extend into the pleuroperitoneal membrane on the affected side {no muscle, failure in 4th folding, so weak that visceras can push}
77
Is eventration treatable?
Can be treated with physical therapy or surgery called diaphragmatic plication
78
By what is the closure of the pleuroperitoneal openings completed?
migration of myoblasts (primordial muscle cells) into the pleuroperitoneal opening
79

Embryo first semester 23-24 (9 decks)

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