Block I - Key Terms Flashcards
Define & Explain:
Battle of Bunker Hill?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.
Define & Explain:
Continental Army?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
the American army during the American Revolution formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress and led by General George Washington
Define & Explain:
‘Army of Liberty’?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
America’s Army, fighting to preserve definition of liberty
Define & Explain:
New York Campaign?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
In this summer 1776 campaign during the Revolution, the British, under Howe repeatedly defeated the Americans and forced them to flee to New Jersey. British took control of New York City.
Define & Explain:
Battles of Trenton/Princeton?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
1776 battles in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops crossed the Delaware River and captured a Hessian (German mercenaries fighting for the British) encampment; Then Washington moves to the next city and takes British by surprise; Continental Army win both battles; gave soldiers confidence
Define & Explain:
Battle of Saratoga?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
Define & Explain:
British Southern Strategy?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
The British after the loss at Saratoga decided to head south to conquer the southern colonies. They were successful conquering Savannah and Charleston and then began to head north.
Define & Explain:
Siege of Yorktown?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis’s army, forcing surrender of 8,000 troops.
Define & Explain:
Continental Army Mutinies?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
Soldiers and officers alike were outraged at the conditions/payment they were receiving which made many question their commitment to the cause. Congress treated American officers more like professional mercenaries rather than an officer of high military rank
Define & Explain:
Newburgh Conspiracy?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
-The result of unrest in 1783 among officers of the American Continental Army due to many officers and men of the Army not receiving pay for many years.
-Commander-in-Chief George Washington stopped any serious talk by appealing successfully to his officers to support the supremacy of Congress.
-The officers had been promised a lifetime pension of half pay; instead, Congress gave them five years full pay.
Define & Explain:
Rage Militaire?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
Define & Explain:
St. Clair’s Defeat?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
Nov 4, 1791, Northwest Territorial Governor Arthur St. Clair, leading a punitive expedition against the Indians of the Ohio Valley, is surprised in an early morning attack. His force of 1400 men suffers more than 900 casualties.
Define & Explain:
Battle of Fallen Timbers?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
National army that was led to victory by General Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Define & Explain:
Lousiana Purchase?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
The purchase of French land between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains that doubled the size of the US
Define & Explain:
United States Military Academy?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
On March 16, 1802, Jefferson affixed his name to the Military Peace Establishment Act, directing that a corps of engineers be established and “stationed at West Point in the state of New York, and shall constitute a Military Academy.”[6] The academy’s sole function would be to train engineers
Define & Explain:
Winfield Scott?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War. When the Civil War began, the Dinwiddie County native remained loyal to the Union, and while age had so reduced his once-towering frame that he could no longer even mount a horse, his ego and intellect were still intact. Scott’s Anaconda Plan for winning the war proved to be prescient but politically out of step, and he eventually lost control of the army to George B. McClellan. He soon retired, published a two-volume memoir in 1864, and died in 1866.
Define & Explain:
Andrew Jackson?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. Trail of Tears.
Define & Explain:
Niagara Campaign (1814)?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
final campaign launched by the United States to invade Canada during the War of 1812. The campaign was launched to counter the British offensive in the Niagara region which had been initiated with the capture of Fort Niagara in December, 1813.
Define & Explain:
Battle of New Orleans (1815)?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
Define & Explain:
New Nationalism?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
a sense of economic well being created by abnormal economic prosperity and a period in which the prestige of the national government was enhanced. The Jefferson embargo had created stimulus for production of factories.
Define & Explain:
General Survey Act?
Who? What? When? Where? Why?
a law passed by Congress on April 30, 1824 that authorized the president to have surveys made of important transportation routes. The law specified that surveys were to be made for routes requiring roads and canals “of national importance, in a commercial or military point of view, or necessary for the transportation of public mail.” The responsibility for the surveys was assigned to the Corps of Engineers.
