Block 2 - Key Terms Flashcards
Services of Supply (SOS)?
was the support chain of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, England, Italy and the Netherlands during World War I. It was activated on July 5, 1917 and inactivated on August 31, 1919.
AEF General Staff?
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Pershing’s Staff Organization–>Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief, 5 assistant chiefs (Personell, Intel, Ops, Supply, and Training). Common military education at Ft. Leavenworth.
Amalgamation?
Britain and Europe wanted to take American troops and combining them with allied forces under foreign leadership. Problem–>Not enough time to fully train and Pershing wanted American’s fighting for America.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive?
Also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front. The whole offensive was planned by Marshall Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and ultimately force the opposing German forces to surrender; Foch wanted mostly French forces with US integrated, Pershing and Petain overruled. Good American/Allied victory. Hard fighting. LACK OF COORDINATION WITH NEW, INEXPERIENCED TROOPS.
Selective Service?
WWI Draft - Passed by Congress to equalize the risk of serving and guaranteed a smooth functioning wartime environment. Who had what skills. Helped to provide balance in the draft.
National Army?
Regular, national guard, and national army divisions. A combination of volunteer and conscripted soldiers. Draftees in training.
Houston Riot?
When African American soldiers in Houston where fed up with harassment by whites and the Jim Crow laws and so murdered 17 white civilians. Were arrested, tried, and executed before appeals could go through.
Bulletin 35?
Red Summer of 1919?
Race riots, lynchings, and violent confrontation in response to rise of communism in EU
- Return of black veterans
- Economic and social discontent
- Chicago Race Riots
- Elaine Massacre
- Great Migration
Demobilization?
Act of changing from a war basis to a peace basis including disbanding or discharging troops. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force will not be necessary.
Bolshevism?
the communist form of government adopted in Russia following the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
A radical ideology supported by Vladimir Lenin. Favored a closed party consisting of and run by professional revolutionaries and supported the idea of a dictatorship that would accelerate the transition to socialism. It placed an emphasis on the working class, from which it drew much of its support
National Defense Act of 1920?
No expansible regular army.
3 Concepts:
- Standing regular army.
- National Guard.
- Reserve Corps.
Equalized advancement opportunities, Sec. of War had power to plan war, general staff, 9 geographic corps (1 reg, 2 ntl guard, 3 reserve divisions).
Army Air Corps?
Combat arms with the Army. Focused on STRATEGIC BOMBING vs. Reconnaissance and Fire Support. Later becomes the AF.
Triangular Division?
3 regiments that utilized motor transport for quick maneuverability
Triangular structure adopted for WW II was intended to make the Army able to fight the way the U.S. wanted to fight the next war—on the offensive in a fluid environment.
In a triangular division, 3 regiments are used as the basis, and there is no brigade in the hierarchy (WW2 at least). In WW2, brigades were usually independent units, or attached to corps or divisions, generally not making up divisions..
Industrial Mobilization of 1930?
Harnessing economic and manpower. Too small of a current tank and air corps group. Needed more industry to produce more tanks and planes
Louisiana Maneuvers?
Military training exercises in Louisiana starting in preparation for WWII. Training to test new mobile doctrine and equipment of the Triangular Divisions.
George C. Marshall?
- Chief of Staff. Army and Navy Expansion programs.
- The head of allied forces in World War II; proposed economic aid to to rebuild Western Europe -> Marshall Plan
Pearl Harbor?
Base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan on December 7, 1941, which propelled America to enter the war.
‘Germany First’?
Defeat German first as they were the more “threatening” element and then defeat Japan.
Despite the fact that Japan had initiated war hostilities, the US agreed with Britain that it was essential to focus on defeating Germany. Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that if the US turned toward Japan, Germany might defeat both the USSR and Great Britain and emerge as the unconquerable power in Europe. But if the US joined with Britain and the USSR to defeat Germany, Japan could be defeated by the Allies later.
Army Ground Forces?
The Army Ground Forces were one of the three autonomous components of the Army of the United States during World War II, the others being the Army Air Forces and Army Service Forces. Throughout their existence, Army Ground Forces were the largest training organization ever established in the United States. Its strength of 780,000 troops on 1 May 1942 grew to a peak of 2,200,000 by 1 July 1943. Thereafter its strength declined as units departed for overseas theaters.
*“to provide ground force units properly organized, trained and equipped for combat operations.”
Army Service Forces?
corps of engineers
signal corps
ordinance department
quartermaster corps
chemical corps
medical corps
transportation corps
Operation Torch?
first major Allied amphibious assault during World War II. It involved about 65,000 troops who landed at Casablanca, Algiers, and Oran on the French North African coast. Operation Torch was the first time U.S. troops saw action against Nazi Germany, trapping Erwin Rommel’s army in a pincer as it fled from El-Alamein.
Executive Order 9066?
Removed all people deemed threating on the west coast (AFter pearl harbor targeted towards Japanese-Americans)
Women’s Army Corps?
The Women’s Army Corps (WAC) was a branch of the United States Army created during World War II in 1942. It was established as an auxiliary unit to enable women to serve in non-combat roles, thereby releasing men for combat duty.
The creation of the Women’s Army Corps marked a significant turning point in American military history, as it was the first time women were formally integrated into the U.S. Army. Prior to the establishment of the WAC, women had served in various supportive roles as nurses, cooks, and clerks in previous conflicts, but they were not officially recognized as part of the military.
Dwight D. Eisenhower?
leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2–leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School
Combined Bomber Offensive?
Was a joint Anglo-American plan to destroy or cripple German transport and industry by day and night bombing. The primary portion of the CBO was against Luftwaffe targets which was the highest priority from June 1943 to 1 April 1944.
George S. Patton?
General in the United States Army who helped lead the Allies to victory in the Battle of the Bulge. He commanded the American armored divisions across France after D Day
Normandy Campaign?
Allied invasion on “D-Day” which gained the Allies a toe-hold in German-occupied France, later leading to the liberation of Paris.
- Hedgerow fighting.
- Mass landing force. Amphibious assault.
- Not enough ports. Red-Ball express.
- Ike and Montganey debates. Key communication.
Red Ball Express?
This was the name given to the transportation and supply units during World War II that kept the Allied armies supplied from the time of the Normandy invasion and in the months that followed as the Allies drove to the German border.
Battle of Bulge?
Hitler made plans to burst throguh the Allied lines in Belgium, where the American forces were weakest. This was the last major offensive by the Germans on the Western front.
