Block E Flashcards
The archaea are
Diverse microorganisms that inhibit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals
The archaea are capable of diverse metabolic processes including…
Chemolithotherapy, chemoorganhotrphy, aerobic respiration and photolithotrophy
What is the process where energy is made from organic molecules using oxygen?
Aerobic respiration
Which energy source yields energy from the oxidation of INORGANIC chemicals
Chemolithotrophs
Which energy source yields energy from oxidation of ORGANIC chemicals
Chemoorganotrophs
What does aerobic respiration require as the final acceptor?
Oxygen (O₂)
Give an example of a chemmoorganotroph.
E.Coli
Which type of microorganism gets energy from light and electrons from inorganic compounds like H₂O?
Photolithotrpohs
What type of electron source do chemolithotrophs use?
Inorganic compounds like hydrogen gas (H₂)
Ammonia (NH₃)
Sulfur (H₂S).
What is the main difference between chemolithotrophy and chemoorganotrophy?
Chemolithotrophy uses inorganic compounds. Chemoorganotrophy uses organic compounds.
What metabolic pathway do organisms using aerobic respiration typically follow?
Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain (with oxygen as the final electron acceptor).
In chemoorganotrophy, what do microbes use for both energy and electrons?
Organic molecules like sugars (e.g. glucose)
Some of the largest naturally occurring plasmids occur in the
Extreme halophiles
Most halobacteria use __________ as a carbon substrate
Most halobacteria use AMINO & ORGANIC ACIDS as a carbon substrate
The cytoplasmic proteins of Halobacterium are _______
The cytoplasmic proteins of Halobacterium are HIGHLY ACIDIC
What special adaptation has a Thermoplasma evolved to survive in hot acidic environments?
Thermoplasma stabilise their cytoplasmic membrane by incorporation of tetra ether lipoglycans in the cytoplasmic membrane
Which genus within Archaea is capable of growth at the hottest temperature recorded at 122°C?
Methanopyrus
What makes the metabolism of Ferroglobus interesting in the context of evolution?
Ferroglobus is an anaerobic iron-oxidising chemolithotroph autotroph that may represent a key metabolism that allowed for the oxidation of ferrous iron with molecular oxygen
Hot sulphur-rich environments associated with terrestrial sulphur-rich springs are called
Solfataras
Archaea lack what polysaccharide in their cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
Structural differences between archaeal and bacterial flagella are an example of…
Convergent evolution
Picrophilus is an extremophile that is highly tolerant to…
Acidic conditions
Give an example of an Archaea that grows in iron mine tailings
Ferroplasma
Examples of genera of the Crenarchaeota include…
Sulfolobus, Acidianus, Thermoplasma, Pyrobaculum
