Block A

Question 1

The largest mass of living material on Earth comes from

Answer 1

Microorganisms

Question 2

In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?

Answer 2

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Question 3

Out of animals, plants and microbes, which has existed for the longest?

Answer 3

Microbes

Question 4

Viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA–based tree of life because

Answer 4

They lack ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Transparent double–sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called

Answer 5

Petri dish

Question 6

The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of

Answer 6

Louis Pasteur

Question 7

A pasteur flask has a…

Answer 7

Swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask

Question 8

The science of grouping and classifying microorganisms is known as

Answer 8

Microbial systematics

Question 9

Some microorganisms can undergo ________ in which various cell types can become specialized and arise from one parent cell type.

Answer 9

DIFFERENTIATION

Question 10

The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution created by human activities is known as

Answer 10

Bioremediation

Question 11

Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ billion years ago

Answer 11

3.8 - 3.9 billion years ago

Question 12

Approximately two billion years ago, ________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth.

Answer 12

CYANOBACTERIA

Question 13

A Diazotroph is an organism that can…

Answer 13

Fix nitrogen

Question 14

An example of a bacterium that can survive high doses of radiation is….

Answer 14

Deinococcus radiodurans

Question 15

Rhizobium leguminosarum forms a mutualistic relationship with…..

Answer 15

Leguminous plants (root nodules, N fixation)

Question 16

Bdellovibrio spp. gain energy by….

Answer 16

predating other bacteria

Question 17

Acromyrmex ants protect their fungal farms with which genus of bacteria?

Answer 17

Streptomyces spp.

Question 18

The functional unit of genetic information is the

Answer 18

Gene

Question 19

How are plasmids different than chromosomes?

Answer 19

Plasmids contain genes that are NOT essential for cellular growth and replication

Question 20

In the process of transcription, promoters are specific sequences of ________ that are recognised by ________.

Answer 20

DNA / sigma factors

Question 21

Transfer RNA molecules function to…

Answer 21

transfer the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 22

In all cells, genes are composed of

Answer 22

Nucleic acids / DNA

Question 23

How many bases are there in a codon

Answer 23

3 e.g. CAG encodes for the amino acid glutamine

Question 24

The lac operon is an example of ________ control in which the presence of an ________ is required for transcription to occur.

Answer 24

NEGATIVE / INDUCER

Question 25

The flow of biological information begins with….

Answer 25

DNA replication

Question 26

An operon is a useful genetic element, because it....

Answer 26

allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes

Question 27

Jacob and Monod won the Nobel prize for discovering the……

Answer 27

Lac operon

Question 28

What enzyme catalyses DNA supercoiling?

Answer 28

DNA Gyrase

Question 29

RNA Polymerase is an enzyme complex that catalyses the process of……

Answer 29

Transcription

Question 30

Intra species chemical communication in bacteria is called…..

Answer 30

Quorum sensing

Question 31

Motile bacteria choose their direction by adjusting the frequency of….

Answer 31

Tumbles (when the flagellum flies apart and they stop)

Question 32

The sum of all biosynthetic reactions in a cell is known as

Answer 32

Metabolism

Question 33

All microorganisms require

Answer 33

phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur

Question 34

The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway is another name for

Answer 34

Glycolysis

Question 35

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is

Answer 35

2 ATP molecules are generated from fermented glucose

Question 36

From the standpoint of the microorganism, in glycolysis the crucial product is

Answer 36

ATP; the fermentation products are waste products

Question 37

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is

Answer 37

Oxygen

Question 38

Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways as well as carbon catabolism?

Answer 38

α–ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl–CoA

Question 39

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

Answer 39

biosynthesis of DNA and RNA

Question 40

A bacterium running low on NADPH could _________ to generate more of this coenzyme

Answer 40

THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

Question 41

One example of an electron acceptor that can be used in anaerobic respiration is

Answer 41

Nitrate (some bacteria can use denitrification)

Question 42

Photoautotrophs grow using...

Answer 42

light and carbon dioxide

Question 43

Photoheterotrophs grow using...

Answer 43

light and organic carbon

Question 44

Lichens are an association between...

Answer 44

Fungi and cyanobacteria

Question 45

Luminescence produced by which bacterial genus has been seen from space?

Answer 45

Vibrio spp.

Question 46

Cyanobacteria are an example of what type of metabolism?

Answer 46

Photoautotrophy