Block C: Methods for assessment and evaluation of the natural resources, landscape functions and services, and their specific planning instruments Flashcards
1
Q
- What are the major threats to biodiversity?
Lecture 7
A
a
2
Q
- How can we protect biodiversity?
Lecture 7
A
a
3
Q
- How can we improve biodiversity?
Lecture 7
A
a
4
Q
- What is the idea behind a bat-friendly operating algorithm of wind turbines?
Lecture 7
A
a
5
Q
- Why is it important to establish ecological networks on different planning levels (from local to international level)?
Lecture 8
A
a
6
Q
- What is the function of core areas within ecological networks?
Lecture 8
A
a
7
Q
- Give three measures to minimize negative implications on quantity and quality of groundwater by crop cultivation. Explain the effect of the measures and indicate two ways of implementing the measures using informal steering instruments.
Lecture 9
A
a
8
Q
- Indicate two approaches of water body protection by the Integrative Energy Cultivation Concept (IECC) and explain how the approaches can be implemented in the cultivation food and feed crops.
Lecture 9
A
a
9
Q
- Describe and explain the differences between the impacts of an annual crop (like maize) and a perennial crop (like short rotation coppice) on flood phenomena.
Lecture 9
A
a
10
Q
- Specify the options for steering the cultivation of crops to minimize negative effects on water bodies by landscape planning and regional planning in Germany. Please include a short assessment of their effectiveness.
Lecture 9
A
a
11
Q
- Name 3 problems of assessing the visual landscape and explain them!
Lecture 10
A
- Many landscape phenomena are not permanent -> landscape change drastically over time (different season, weather, blossoms)
- Not all landscape phenomena can be located -> landscapes with livestock are perceived as more beautiful than one that is not, but livestock is not always located in a particular area.
- Human experience is subjective -> Everyone has their own ideas and perspectives about landscapes and what they expect from landscapes varies.
- Holistic perception -> Holistic perceptions of landscapes need to be broken down to a level we can measure and evaluate. It should be also relevant to the landscape functionary of ecosystem services we are trying to assess.
12
Q
- Why is it important for local and regional authorities to protect and develop the visual landscape?
Lecture 10
A
To safeguard the diversity, particularity, and beauty of nature and landscapes, as well as their value for recreation.
13
Q
- Explain the three types of different approaches for assessing the aesthetic quality of landscapes.
Lecture 10
A
- User-dependent / participatory assessment -> empirical, democratic, location-specific, easy to communicate, time- and resource intensive
- User-independent / formalized assessment -> expert-based, fast results, suitable for larger scales, generalizing, requires detailed knowledge about intersubjective preferences and perceptions
- Combination of both -> integrating user-dependent empirical studies in standardized assessment
14
Q
- How do we define “visual landscape” in landscape / environmental planning?
Lecture 10
A
Aesthetically-symbolically interpreted appearance of the landscape. In environmental planning, Visual Landscape is an important soft location factor for the decision to develop new urban area (for example: where to establish companies, scientific institutions, etc in order to get skilled workers).
15
Q
- Which are the three factors that the German Federal Conservation Act uses to describe the visual landscape?
Lecture 10
A
a
