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RF UR > Block 8 > Flashcards

Block 8 Flashcards

1
Q

All satellites consist of at least ____ subsystems PLUS the bus

A

Five

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2
Q

What are the five subsystems of a satallite?

A
  • Power
  • Propulsion
  • Telemetry, tracking and control
  • Beacon
  • Communications
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a satellite bus?

A
  • It is the body of a satellite
  • Interfaces with the launch vehicle
  • Allows for flexibility and use in a variety of missions
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4
Q

Satellite subsystem ____ generates and regulates satellite power

A

Power subsystem

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5
Q

Satellite subsystem ____ makes minor orbital positional changes

A

Propulsion subsystem

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6
Q

Satellite subsystem ____ is the only method of monitoring and controlling all systems from the ground

A

Telemetry, tracking and control (TTC) subsystem

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7
Q

Satellite subsystem ____ is utilized for position determination

A

Beacon subsystem

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8
Q

Satellite subsystem ____ utilizes transponders to enable satellite traffic routing

A

Communications subsystem

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9
Q

The ____ is responsible for SATCOM operations

A

Control segment

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10
Q

What are the three divisions of a satellite control segment?

A
  • Spacecraft control
  • Payload control
  • Network control
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11
Q

Control segment ____ is responsible for stabilization, maneuvering and repositioning of the entire spacecraft

A

Spacecraft control

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12
Q

Spacecraft control operators ensure correct spacecraft management using the ____

A

Telemetry, tracking and control and subsystem

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13
Q

Control segment ____ is responsible for operation and control of satellite internal systems that give the satellite purpose

A

Payload control

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14
Q

Control segment payload control ____ and ____ using the telemetry, tracking and control (TTC) subsystem

A
  • Receives commands

- Sends performance data

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15
Q

Control segment ____ includes satellite control and earth monitoring stations on earth that maintain spacecraft orbit and longevity

A

Network control

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16
Q

The terminal segment of satellite operations consists of ____, ____ and ____ users

A
  • Ground
  • Airborne
  • Naval
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17
Q

What are the four types of terminal segment equipment?

A
  • Manpack
  • Vehicle
  • Naval
  • Aerial
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18
Q

SATCOM provides ____ communications

A

Beyond LOS

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19
Q

A ____ is an object that maintains a circular or elliptical orbit

A

Satellite

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20
Q

What are the two types of satellites?

A
  • Natural (celestial orbiting body)

- Artificial (man made object)

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21
Q

What are the two main types of artificial satellites?

A
  • Weather

- Communications

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22
Q

What are examples of communications satellites?

A
  • Broadcast
  • Earth observation
  • Military
  • Navigational
  • Scientific
  • Search and rescue
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23
Q

LEO

A

Low earth orbit

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24
Q

MEO

A

Medium earth orbit

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25
Q

HEO

A

High earth orbit

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26
Q

GSO

A

Geosynchronous earth orbit

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27
Q

GEO

A

Geostationary earth orbit

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28
Q

LEO is ____ km to ____ km

A

160 km to 2000 km

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29
Q

MEO is ____ km to ____ km

A

2000 km to 35,786 km

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30
Q

HEO is ____ km

A

35,786+ km

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31
Q

Geosynchronous earth orbit (GSO) satellites are at a/an ____ angle and are positioned between the ____ and ____

A
  • Inclined
  • Equator
  • North/south pole
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32
Q

Which satellite, due to its tilt and angle, will roam up and down in latitude?

A

Geosynchronous earth orbit (GSO)

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33
Q

Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites are positioned over the ____ and maintain ____ above the earth

A
  • Equator

- Same relative position

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34
Q

What do geosynchronous and geostationary satellites have in common?

A
  • Both orbits are geocentric
  • Both orbits are approximately 24 hours long
  • Both orbits have large footprints
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35
Q

What are the three orbital patterns?

A
  • Inclined
  • Polar
  • Equitorial
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36
Q

Which orbital pattern is between 0* and 90*?

A

Inclined

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37
Q

Which orbital pattern has nearly a 90* inclination angle?

A

Polar

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38
Q

Which orbital pattern has a 0* inclination angle?

A

Equatorial

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39
Q

SATCOM uses mandatory ____ and terminals can be ____ or ____

A
  • Encryption
  • Fixed
  • Mobile
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40
Q

What are the limitations of SATCOM?

A
  • One satellite can only cover 1/3 of the earth
  • A network of satellites must be used for global coverage
  • No continuous coverage at the poles
  • Bandwidth is limited and expensive
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41
Q

SATCOM terminals can transmit and receive over ____, ____ and ____

A
  • UHF
  • SHF
  • EHF
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42
Q

What are the characteristics of UHF satellite terminals?

A
  • 300 MHz to 3 GHz
  • SATCOM and LOS
  • Can be obstructed by terrain and buildings
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43
Q

What are the characteristics of SHF satellite terminals?

A
  • 3 GHz to 30 GHz
  • High data rates, large bandwidth
  • Can be directed in narrow beams
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44
Q

What are the characteristics of EHF satellite terminals?

A
  • 30 GHz to 300 GHz
  • Has high atmospheric attenuation
  • High speed data links
  • Support WLAN and broadband internet
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45
Q

____ is managed by MILSATCOM joint program office and provides secure voice and data communications support globally

A

Defense satellite communications system (DSCS)

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46
Q

Defense satellite communications system (DSCS) utilizes ____ frequencies and ____ orbiting satellites

A
  • SHF

- Geosynchronous

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47
Q

Defense satellite communications system (DSCS) provides for which coverage patterns?

A
  • Earth
  • Area
  • Spot beam
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48
Q

What are the limitations of the defense satellite communications system (DSCS)?

A

It has exceeded 10-year service life

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49
Q

____ is a constellation of geosynchronous satellites that provide tactical narrow band UHF SATCOM

A

Ultra high frequency follow-on (UFO)

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50
Q

____ includes EHF support for encrypted, jam-resistant survivable communication

A

Ultra high frequency follow-on (UFO)

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51
Q

Ultra high frequency follow-on (UFO) EHF package is capable of enhanced use with both ____ and steerable ____ antennas

A
  • Earth coverage

- Spot beam

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52
Q

What are the limitations of the ultra high frequency follow-on (UFO)?

A

It has exceeded 14-year service life

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53
Q

____ records SATCOM use requirements and is the official DOD centralized database for current and future SATCOM requirements

A

Satellite database (SDB)

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54
Q

The satellite database (SDB) is maintained by the ____ and owned by ____

A
  • Defense information systems agency (DISA)

- Joint staff

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55
Q

Defense information systems agency (DISA) processes requests and assigns users their ____

A

Satellite database (SDB) number

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56
Q

Satellites are shared resources and Satellite database (SDB) number allows for a unit to submit a ____

A

Satellite Access Request (SAR)

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57
Q

Why must satellite database (SDB) users submit mission specifics to central planning authority?

A

To justify & coordinate allocation of resources

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58
Q

An approved Satellite Access Request (SAR) results in a ____

A

Satellite Access Authorization (SAA)

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59
Q

What are the contents of a Satellite Access

Request (SAR)?

A
  • Desired frequency band
  • Aggregate data rates
  • Deployment location
  • Types of terminal(s) utilized
  • Types of networks employed
  • Access time
  • POC
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60
Q

What is a spaced-based navigation system created and maintained by the US?

A

Global positioning system (GPS)

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61
Q

GPS satellites are in ____

A

Medium earth orbit (MEO)

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62
Q

How many satellites can be viewed from any point on earth?

A

7 to 9

63
Q

What are the three GPS segments?

A
  • Space segment
  • Control segment
  • User segment
64
Q

Who develops, maintains, and operates space and control segments?

A

USAF

65
Q

GPS space segment satellites has an orbital period of ____ and pass over the same location ____ a day

A
  • Approximately 12 hours

- Twice a day

66
Q

What is the GPS control segment ground stations responsible for?

A
  • Tracking satellites
  • Monitoring transmissions
  • Performing analysis
  • Sending executable commands
67
Q

What are the three types of GPS control segment responsible facilities?

A
  • Master control stations (MCS)
  • Ground stations
  • Monitor stations
68
Q

What are the duties of GPS master control stations (MCS)?

A
  • Ensure health and accuracy of satellite constellation
  • Perform satellite maintenance, solver anomalies
  • Reposition satellites when needed for optimal earth coverage
69
Q

Schriever AFB, CO is the ____ and Vandenberg AFB, CA is the ____

A
  • Primary GPS master control station (MCS)

- Secondary GPS master control station (MCS)

70
Q

What are the characteristics of GPS ground antennas?

A
  • Used to communicate with GPS satellites for command and control purposes
  • Responsible for normal command transmissions
  • Can be shared or dedicated to air force satellite control network (AFSCN)
  • Provides increased flexibility, visibility and tracking
71
Q

Kwajalein Atoll, Diego Garcia, Ascension Island and Cape Canaveral FL are ____

A

GPS ground antenna locations

72
Q

What are the characteristics of GPS monitor stations?

A
  • Track GPS satellites and send observations to the MCS

- Collect atmospheric data, range/carrier measurements and navigation signals

73
Q

How many GPS global stations are there?

A
  • 6 USAF

- 10 national geospatial intelligence agency

74
Q

What consist of hundreds of thousands of US and allied military users, tens of millions of civil, commercial and scientific users?

A

GPS user segment

75
Q

Any device that contains a GPS chip is part of the ____

A

GPS user segment

76
Q

____ determines the receiver’s position on earth using timing signals from three satellites

A

Trilateration

77
Q

One GPS satellite can only provide ____
Three GPS satellites can provide ____
A fourth GPS satellite can provide ____

A
  • Time of day (TOD) based of the satellites atomic clock
  • Accurate location
  • Velocity details (speed, heading, altitude, etc)
78
Q

GPS signals are broadcast on ____ and ____ bands

A
  • L1

- L2

79
Q

____ is a point ofr reference used in mapping and surveying

A

Map datum

80
Q

Map datum is used to define the ____ and ____ of the earth

A
  • Shape

- Size

81
Q

What is the current global standard for map datum?

A

World geodetic system 1984 (WGS 84)

82
Q

What are three examples of map coordinate systems?

A
  • Latitude/longitude
  • Universal transverse mercator (UTM)
  • Military grid reference system (MGRS)
83
Q

What uses the equator and prime meridian as reference points and is written as degrees, minutes, seconds OR in decimal format?

A

Latitude/longitude system

84
Q

What was developed by the Army in 1947, assigns every location on earth a set of letters and numbers, and divides the earth in to 60 zones?

A

Universal transverse mercator (UTM)

85
Q

What is derived from UTM but uses two letters to designate general areas, divides UTM into smaller zones is used by the military in locating positions on earth?

A

Military grid reference system (MGRS)

86
Q

A Military grid reference system (MGRS) coordinate is a ____ meter grid square

A

100,000

87
Q

What uses and easting and northing value to pinpoint and area?

A

Military grid reference system (MGRS)

88
Q

Military grid reference system (MGRS) coordinates consist of what three parts?

A
  • UTM grid zone designator
  • 100,000 meter square identifier
  • Numerical location (easting/northing number)
89
Q

What are the characteristics of a grid zone deisgnator?

A
  • Intersection of a UTM zone and a latitude band
  • Result is UTM-standard 6x8 zone
  • Identified by the zone number and latitude band letter
90
Q

What are the characteristics of a 100,000 meter square identifier?

A
  • Divides the UTM-standard zone into 100,000 meter squares-
  • These new zones are measured using multiples of 100,000 meters
  • Identified using a column letter and row letter
91
Q

What are the characteristics of a numerical location?

A
  • Location within 100,000 meter square

- Identified with up to 5 digits for easting and 5 digits for northing

92
Q

Operators using incorrect datum risk calculating ____

A

Inaccurate coordinates

93
Q

MGRS-Old is used for WGS 84 and other modern datums (T/F)

A

False (MGRS-New)

94
Q

What are the characteristics of a defense advanced GPS receiver?

A
  • Self-contained
  • Hand-held
  • 12-channel
  • Dual frequency (L1 and L2)
  • Includes selectve availability anti-spoof module
95
Q

____ is when a malicious party impersonates trusted user to launch attacks, steal data or spread malware

A

Spoofing

96
Q

What are the capabilities of a defense advanced GPS receiver?

A
  • Installs and integrates with vehicles, joint host systems
  • Provides accurate PVT
  • Uses COMSEC for anti-spoof, anti-jam
  • Stores 999 waypoints or 15 routes with 1,000 legs each
97
Q

What are the limitations of a defense advanced GPS receiver?

A
  • Required clear line of sight with satellites
  • Position accuracy is reliant on the ability to acquire satellite signals
  • Ideal use is an open area with no overhead obstruction
  • Signals can still be jammed despite evolving anti-jam measures
98
Q

Tactical Satellite Transceiver

(TACSAT) allows ____ to share ____

A
  • Multiple user terminals

- A single channel

99
Q

Tactical Satellite Transceiver

(TACSAT) utilizes which transmission methods?

A
  • FDMA
  • TDMA
  • DAMA
  • DASA
100
Q

What are the characteristics of FDMA?

A
  • Divides one channel into multiple frequency bands

- Each user transmits on their own frequency

101
Q

What are the characteristics of TDMA?

A
  • Divides one channel into multiple time slots
  • Works well with voice signals, compressed video and high-speed data
  • Each time slot transmits a digital piece of a signal in sequence with other sources
  • Distant end receives the signal unbroken
102
Q

What are the disadvantages of FDMA/TDMA?

A
  • The frequency/time slot is permanently assigned

- If the slot is not used it can not be used by other stations

103
Q

What are the characteristics of DAMA?

A
  • Used to assign a channel to clients that don’t need it constantly
  • Assigns voice/data channels based on user requests to primary channel controller (PCC)
  • Enabled efficient and instantaneous assignment of channels on first come, first serve basis according to priority level
104
Q

In DAMA who determines priority level?

A

Primary channel controller (PCC)

105
Q

DAMA channels are typically on pair of frequencies, either ____ or ____

A
  • Uplink

- Downlink

106
Q

What are the characteristics of DASA?

A
  • Dedicated DAMA link for users who require the highest bit rates, lowest delays and no chance for preemption
  • Allows users exclusive use of 5 or 25 kHz channel bandwidth
  • Users must request services through PCC
107
Q

DAMA is available in ____ kHz and ____ kHz waveforms

A
  • 5 kHz

- 25 kHz

108
Q

DAMA waveforms consist of repeating frames, each frame is three segments, ____ and ____

A
  • Two orderwire

- The voice/data transmitted

109
Q

____ are circuits used for coordination, control and maintenance of the data link

A

Orderwires

110
Q

What are the characteristics of 5 kHz DAMA?

A
  • Primarily used for electronic messaging
  • Frame length is 8.96 seconds
  • PCC uses forward orderwires (FOW) and return orderwires to relay link information to and from the user
111
Q

What are the characteristics of 25 kHz DAMA?

A
  • Best utilized for voice traffic
  • Frame length is 1.3866 seconds
  • Uses channel control orderwires (CCOW) and return channel control orderwires (RCCOW)
112
Q

What is used to synchrnoize a user terminal’s time with PCC and other networked DAMA users?

A

Network timing

113
Q

What is the process by which a radio transmits a short RF burst to calculate propagation time to the satellite and is used to establish network timing?

A

Ranging

114
Q

What must range before establishing communications with a satellite?

A

A terminal

115
Q

Radio may use ____ or ____ ranging

A
  • Active

- Passive

116
Q

____ automatically sends uplink signals to the satellite to calculate propagation time from the radio

A

Active ranging

117
Q

Active ranging is the default setting for ____

A

DAMA

118
Q

What are the characteristics of passive ranging?

A
  • Used in tactical situations where emissions security is critical
  • Operator must input satellite location data (ephemeris) to calculate range to satellite
  • Less accurate than active ranging
119
Q

____ is the numerical representations of a radio in a DAMA network

A

Terminal base address

120
Q

What are the characteristics of terminal base addresses?

A
  • 00001 through 65535
  • 00000 is reserved for PCC
  • All DAMA users have a unique DAMA address for their terminal
121
Q

Users must load radios with ____ to communicate over DAMA

A

Encryption keys

122
Q

____ is an encryption method that encodes orderwire traffic between PCC and the user

A

Transmission security keys (TSK)

123
Q

____ is an encryption method that encodes voice or data traffic

A

Traffic encryption keys (TEK)

124
Q

Encryption codes are loaded with external COMSEC devices, such as?

A
  • SKL

- CYZ-10

125
Q

What are examples of internal crypoto modes for encryption?

A
  • VINSON

- ANDVT

126
Q

What are the four PCC sites that provide global access to DAMA?

A
  • NCTAMS LANT
  • NCTS Naples
  • NCTAMS PAC
  • NCTS Guam
127
Q

NCTAMS LANT

A

Naval computer and telecommunicatinos area master station, Atlantic

128
Q

What are the characteristics of NCTAMS LANT?

A
  • Located in Virginia, USA

- Provides coverage to CONUS and the Atlantic ocean

129
Q

NCTS

A

Naval computer and telecommunications station

130
Q

What are the characteristics of NCTS Naples?

A
  • Located in Naples, Italy

- Provides coverage to the Atlantic ocean, continental Europe, Africa and Indian ocean

131
Q

What are the characteristics of NCTAMS PAC?

A
  • Located in Hawaii, US

- Provides overlapping coverage to CONUS and Pacific ocean

132
Q

What are the characteristics of NCTS Guam?

A
  • Located in Guam

- Provides overlapping coverage for the Pacific ocean and Indian Ocean

133
Q

What is the five step DAMA communications process?

A
  • Access request
  • Controller verification
  • Resource assignment
  • Communication
  • Teardown
134
Q

In DAMA step ____, the user send DAMA access request to PCC

A

Step 1 (access request)

135
Q

In DAMA step ____, PCC receives request and verifies that the user is authorized using DAMA address

A

Step 2 (controller verification)

136
Q

In DAMA step ____, PCC sends a FOW/CCOW to user authorizing login request

A

Step 3 (resource assignment)

137
Q

In DAMA step ____, authorized users communicate using DAMA network

A

Step 4 (communication)

138
Q

In DAMA step ____, users must send a circuit teardown prompt to PCC

A

Step 5 (teardown)

139
Q

In DAMA step 5 (teardown) the user sends a ____ containing a logoff message to the PCC, then the PCC acknowledges and initiates disconnect with ensuing ____

A
  • ROW/CCOW

- FOW/CCOW

140
Q

What are the characteristics of an ad-hoc network?

A
  • Nodes can be re-located or lost and still sustain a network
  • Node links adjust automatically as devices relocate
  • Auto adjusts as it routes traffic
141
Q

____ is a wireless network of nodes

A

Ad-hoc network

142
Q

What three things must an ad-hoc network factor in?

A
  • Path loss/fading
  • Power
  • Topological changes
143
Q

Ad-hoc networks maintain a low probability of ____ and ____

A
  • Intercept

- Detection

144
Q

In an ad-hoc network ____ and ____ limit detection

A
  • Low transmit power

- Infrequent transmissions

145
Q

An ad-hoc network is capable of ____, ____ and ____ data simultaneously

A
  • Transmitting
  • Receiving
  • Routing
146
Q

What are the characteristics of an ANW2 network?

A
  • Accommodates 2 to 10 users
  • Transmit voice and data simultaneously
  • Manages multiple security classifications concurrently
147
Q

ANW2 network has on-air speed rates of ____

A

5 Mbps

148
Q

ANW2 utilizes what kind of encryption? (providing end-to-end encryption)

A

High assurance internet protocol encryption (HAIPE)

149
Q

In an ANW2 network enabled radio, if the IP network fails what ensures communication?

A

Combat net radio (CNR)

150
Q

Combat net radio (CNR) DOES NOT require HAIPE keys but DOES require ____, ____ and ____ to function

A
  • Tx/Rx frequency
  • TEK
  • TRANSEC
151
Q

ANW2 radios route traffic between devices automatically using ____

A

IPv4

152
Q

ANW2 enabled devices are capable of transmitting and receiving data and voice for ____

A

10 devices

153
Q

What are the five requirements for an ANW2 configuration to function with IPv4?

A
  • Subnet mask
  • Gateway address
  • Client address
  • Unicast address
  • Multicast address

RF UR (11 decks)

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