Block 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What mandates and governs all installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)?

A

AFI 10-2501

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2
Q

What must Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS) do?

A
  • Provide installation-wide coverage
  • Reach off-base facilities
  • Be intelligible to personnel
  • Disseminate attack, emergency, HURCON and MOPP warnings
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3
Q

Which warning is a 3-5 minute STEADY tone on siren or similar warning device?

A

Disaster Warning

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4
Q

Which warning tone is a 3-5 minute WAVERING tone on siren or similar warning device?

A

Attack Warning

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5
Q

Which warning tone is a voice announcement?

A

All Clear

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6
Q

What does a Disaster Warning indicate?

A

A disaster/incident affecting the base is imminent or in progress

Ex. Tornadoes, flash floods, hazardous chemical releases, wildfires

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7
Q

What does an Attack Warning indicate?

A

An attack/hostile act is imminent or in progress

Ex. Vehicle bomb, terrorist release of chemical, biological, radioactive materials

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8
Q

What does an All Clear indicate?

A

The immediate disaster or threat has ended or the attack is over

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9
Q

What are the individual’s actions when hearing a Disaster Warning?

A
  • Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
  • Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
  • Conduct personnel accountability
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10
Q

What are the individual’s actions when hearing an Attack Warning?

A
  • Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
  • Implement security measures, as appropriate
  • Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
  • Conduct personnel accountability
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11
Q

What are the individual’s actions when hearing an All Clear?

A
  • Remain alert for secondary hazards
  • Account for all personnel
  • Report fires, injuries, hazards and damage
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12
Q

What are “just rapid changes in air pressure”?

A

Sound waves

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13
Q

Which principle of sound is also known as magnitude, loudness or intensity of sound?

A

Volume

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14
Q

What are the two parts of an air pressure wave?

A
  • Compression (Positive air pressure wave)

- Rarefaction (Negative air pressure wave)

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15
Q

What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the degree an electronic device accurately reproduces its original signal?

A

Fidelity

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16
Q

What is the principle of sound that is defined as, a falsified reproduction of an audio signal caused by a change in the waveform from the original signal?

A

Distortion

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17
Q

What is a notable low-fidelity system?

A

Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)

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18
Q

What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the range of frequencies a speaker can reproduce?

A

Frequency response (measured in Hertz)

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19
Q

When does feedback occur?

A

When an open (active) microphone picks the signal coming out of the speaker

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20
Q

What are three ways to avoid feedback?

A
  • Reduce the gain (volume) out of the offending channel
  • Make sure the speakers are in front of the microphone
  • Limit the amount of open microphones (mute)
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21
Q

What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the maximum area (distance) your sound travels?

A

Audio footprint

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22
Q

Audio footprint and output power are ____ proportional

A

Directly

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23
Q

What is needed to increase the distance of your audio footprint?

A

More volume

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24
Q

Increasing the output power to the speaker does what?

A

Increases the volume

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25
Q

____ are like resistors, they create resistance.

A

Speakers

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26
Q

What does impedance determine?

A

How efficiently power is transferred

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27
Q

What achieves maximum power transfer from the amplifier to the speakers?

A

Impedance matching

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28
Q

What is one of the greatest mistakes you can make when setting up a sound system?

A

Connecting speakers to an amplifier and ignoring speaker impedance

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29
Q

Which speaker configuration connects components end-to-end?

A

Series Connection

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30
Q

Which speaker configuration connects components across each other?

A

Parallel Connection

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31
Q

Which speaker configuration connects multiple speakers in a combination of series and parallel?

A

Series-Parallel Connection

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32
Q

What consists of speakers mounted on a pole and the electronics cabinet?

A

A stack

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33
Q

Once ____ is determined, we can identify the stack numbers and their locations

A

Coverage area

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34
Q

What are three things to consider when placing stacks?

A
  • Avoiding obstructions
  • Do not place stacks to close to the runway
  • Direct the speakers away from reflective objects
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35
Q

In regards to height restrictions, you must adhere to what?

A

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and Air Force regulations

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36
Q

In regards to height restrictions for large installation who must you consult with?

A

The Engineering and Installation (EI) squadron

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37
Q

INWS stacks are ____ with a/an ____ power source.

A
  • Stand-alone

- Independant

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38
Q

When purchasing and INWS, what must you consider?

A
  • Power line failure
  • Dead batteries
  • Natural disasters
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39
Q

What are three characteristics for INWS amplifiers?

A
  • High power
  • Low fidelity
  • Inexpensive
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40
Q

What is an electroacoustic transducers that produce sound in response to an electrical audio signal input?

A

Speakers

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41
Q

Speakers in INWS can handle ____ but tend to have____ and ____

A
  • Massive amounts of power
  • Low fidelity
  • Low frequency response
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42
Q

What is a transducer that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

A

Microphone

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43
Q

What is the opposite of a speaker?

A

Microphone

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44
Q

What are two modern control sections?

A
  • Local control

- Remote control

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45
Q

____ have simple to complex ways to control their operation

A

Modern control sections

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46
Q

Where does a dispatcher remotely operate the INWS?

A

The command station

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47
Q

Where is the INWS command station normally located?

A

The base Command Post

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48
Q

What does a warning station contain?

A
  • Amplifiers
  • Power sources
  • Mast
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49
Q

The warning station is also refereed to as a what?

A

A stack

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50
Q

Why might you work on a variety of INWS?

A

Because there is no set INWS manufacture requirements in AFI 10-2501

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51
Q

While there is not standard equipment, all INWS have what?

A

The same generic controls and indicators

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52
Q

What are three INWS manufacturers?

A
  • ATI
  • Whelen
  • Federal
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53
Q

The ____ is made up of numerous stacks of speakers known as a Siren Station?

A

Whelen System

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54
Q

What is the most basic function on all INWS units?

A

Power on/off

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55
Q

____ are any type of electronic equipment that provides an audio signal to the system’s speakers

A

Input devices

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56
Q

What are examples of input devices?

A
  • Serial port
  • Audio port
  • Keypad
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57
Q

Which input allows you to connect a computer to the system?

A

Serial port

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58
Q

Which input allows you to plug in a microphone and make voice announcements from the local stack?

A

Audio port

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59
Q

Which input allows you to locally operate the stack?

A

Station control panel (keypad)

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60
Q

An INWS Warning Tone Generator must generate a ____ and ____ tones

A
  • Steady

- Wavering

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61
Q

Every Siren Station (stack) has its own what?

A

UNIQUE four digit “station address”

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62
Q

Using a what, allows us to pick a single

warning station, a specified group, or all of them?

A

Siren Station (stack) station address

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63
Q

The station address allows you to select what?

A

An individual or a group of stations

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64
Q

The four digit station address contains what?

A
  • Quadrant
  • Sector
  • Radii
  • Station
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65
Q

All stations in a system may be accessed by using what?

A

The wild card (#) for all the address numbers

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66
Q

What is the desktop interface used to communicate with every Siren Station?

A

Encoder

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67
Q

What are two types of encoders?

A
  • Hard wired

- Wireless

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68
Q

The Whelen system has how many encoders?

A

Two

  • E-969
  • E-2010
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69
Q

The encoder’s keypad allows access to what?

A
  • Sub-menus

- Activate alarms

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70
Q

The encoder translates key commands in to what?

A

A 10-digit Dual-Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) audio tone

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71
Q

DTMF

A

Dual-Tone Multi Frequency

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72
Q

A 10-digit Dual-Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) consists of what?

A
  • Three-digit system area code
  • Four-digit address
  • Three-digit command
73
Q

What is a desktop remote interface that automatically translates key presses or stored program commands into a DTMF coded message?

A

E-969 encoder

74
Q

How many user programmable CALL KEYS are on an E-969 encoder?

A

Four

75
Q

On an E-969 encoder what do you select to start a programmed sequence?

A

CALL KEY

76
Q

On an E-969 you are able to cancel the program once it has started. (T/F)

A

False

77
Q

What does PRECHECK do on an E-969 encoder?

A
  • Acts like an enter button on a computer

- Allows you to preview a command without actually activating any sirens

78
Q

Pressing SEND on an E-969 encoder will ____ a function

A

Transmit

79
Q

If you press SEND on an E-969 encoder, is there a second chance or “are you sure” function?

A

No

80
Q

What are the keys on an E-2010 encoder ?

A
  • CALL KEY
  • ENTER
  • CANCEL
  • ALARM
81
Q

How many user programmable CALL KEYS are on an E-2010 encoder?

A

62

82
Q

On an E-2010 encoder, how many of the CALL KEYS are “Hot Keys”?

A

16

83
Q

Is there a PRECHECK function on an E-2010?

A

No

84
Q

On an E-2010 encoder what functions does CANCEL execute?

A
  • Cancels the CALL KEY

- Escapes or restarts an operation

85
Q

On an E-2010 encoder pressing the ALARM ACK. button silences the internal alarm buzzer (T/F)

A

True

86
Q

What shows the charge current flowing into the

batteries from the charger or regulator?

A

Ammeter

87
Q

What shows the DC voltage across the batteries?

A

Voltmeter

88
Q

What shows the status of the system?

A

Light emitting diode

89
Q

What are two examples of expeditionary systems?

A
  • Technomad Turnkey

- Technomad Modular

90
Q

____ are simple, complete audio packages that project voice and music at long distances

A

Technomad Systems

91
Q

On expeditionary controls ____ is useful for troubleshooting to determine if the system is functioning properly

A

Audio port

92
Q

What combines all inputs into the Technomad System?

A

The mixer

93
Q

A ____ is a device that combines or “mixes” two or more audio signal inputs to produce a desired single audio output

A

Mixer

94
Q

Technomad calls the Warning Tone Generator (WTG) a ____

A

SuperConductor

95
Q

What is a flash RAM player that stores audio files (tones)?

A

WTG / SuperConductor

96
Q

On a WTG/SuperConductor, how do you select the audio files (tones)?

A

Using the Rotary Selector on the front of the unit

97
Q

Light emitting diodes show the status of the system and what?

A

Displays faults within the system if something is wrong

98
Q

What are the components to the Whelen WPS-2800?

A
  • Siren cabinet
  • Battery charger
  • Intrusion alarm
  • Antenna
  • Speakers
99
Q

What are the components of the siren cabinet in the Whelen WPS-2800?

A
  • Motherboard
  • Control board
  • Landline board
  • Radio board
  • Strobe control board
100
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls all of the systems signal routing and power distribution?

A

Motherboard

101
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls all of the key functions?

A

Control board

102
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what uses regular telephone lines to connect the remote interface to the warning station?

A

Landline board

103
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what demodulates the DTMF signal and it routes through the motherboard to the control board for processing?

A

Radio board

104
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls a pole-mounted strobe light and it optional?

A

Strobe control board

105
Q

You can install up to ____ ____-watt amplifiers in a siren cabinet

A
  • Ten

- 400

106
Q

The Whelen WPS-2800 stack operates on ____ ____ VDC batteries

A
  • Two

- 28

107
Q

The amplifiers in a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet have ____ bandwidth and ____ fidelity

A
  • Low

- Poor

108
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what transmits a signal to the control center when someone opens the cabinet door?

A

Intrusion alarm

109
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet the intrusion alarm is an optional feature (T/F)

A

True

110
Q

____ and ____ are components of the Whelen WPS-2800 that are located OUTSIDE of the siren cabinet

A
  • Poly-shaper

- Speakers

111
Q

In a Whelen WPS-2800, what prevents charges from entering the siren cabinet?

A

Poly-phaser

112
Q

The Whelen system stack can have how many speakers?

A

Ten

113
Q

Each speaker in a Whelen system can handle how many watts?

A

400 watts

114
Q

In a Whelen system the speaker has its own amplifier (T/F)

A

True

115
Q

What are the common equipment in expeditionary systems?

A
  • Speakers
  • CD player
  • Thumb drive
  • Mixer
  • Land mobile radio interface
116
Q

Technomad speakers are ____ fidelity and provide a ____-mile audio footprint

A
  • High

- 1-mile

117
Q

Technomad system uses a ____ or ____ to store and play audio files

A
  • Thumb drive

- SD card

118
Q

In a technomad system, what is used to adjust the levels for microphones, CD players and other external equipment?

A

The mixer

119
Q

What gives you the capability of using VHF or UHF LMR units to speak through the Technomad system?

A

Land Mobile Radio (LMR) interface

120
Q

What is a an “all-in-one” public address system?

A

Technomad turnkey system

121
Q

When you install a ____ in a LMR the system becomes an ____

A
  • SuperConducter

- INWS

122
Q

Technomad systems you what kind of connectors?

A
  • XLR

- Neutrik

123
Q

What uses linking kits and output packs to increase its coverage area?

A

Technomad modular system

124
Q

Which is the transmitting side of the Technomad modular system?

A

Audio source pack

125
Q

You must have at least one audio source pack when setting up a Technomad modular system (T/F)

A

True

126
Q

Which is the receiving side of the Technomad modular system?

A

Output pack

127
Q

In a Technomad modular system you can use multiple what, to increase your coverage area?

A

Output packs

128
Q

What converts analog audio into Internet Protocol (IP) data?

A

The encoder

129
Q

What is a LOS radio transceiver that transmits information to multiple locations?

A

Linking kit

130
Q

What is the LOS range for a linking it?

A

Up to 30 miles

131
Q

What wirelessly sends live audio to multiple output packs?

A

Linking kit

132
Q

What are the components of a linking kit?

A
  • Directional antenna
  • Omni antenna
  • 1u encoder box
133
Q

When using a linking kit, what must be identical?

A

The first three stets of numbers of the IP address

134
Q

What is the maximum distance of the directional antenna on a linking kit?

A

30 miles

135
Q

What is the maximum distance of the omni-directional antenna on a linking kit?

A

22 miles

136
Q

Land mobile radio (LMR) systems provide what?

A

A fast and convenient method of communication

137
Q

What are the characteristics of a conventional LMR system?

A
  • Operates on fixed channels
  • Does not have a controlling device (no computer management)
  • Users must select the proper channel
  • Used in deployed locations
138
Q

What are the advantages of a conventional LMR system?

A
  • Cost effective
  • Easy to maintain
  • Limited infrastructure ensures that communication is possible in the event of a catastrophic failure
139
Q

What are the disadvantages of a conventional LMR system?

A
  • Require more frequency allocations for units

- Only one radio can use one frequency at one time (frequency collision)

140
Q

What are ways to avoid frequency collision?

A

– Ensure no one is talking on that particular frequency or channel
– If the channel is occupied, wait until the channel is clear before keying the radio to relay a message
– Look for the flashing red LED at the top of the radio: A red light means other users are on that channel

141
Q

Name four methods of communication

A
  • Simplex
  • Half duplex, single frequency
  • Half duplex, dual frequency
  • Full duplex
142
Q

What is the method of communication that occurs in only one preassigned direction?

A

Simplex

143
Q

What are the advantages of simplex communication?

A
  • Low cost
  • Ease of operation
  • Simplistic
144
Q

What is a disadvantage of of simplex communication?

A

Only one-way communications

145
Q

What is the method of communication that communicates in only one direction at a time?

A

Half duplex single frequency

146
Q

What is an advantage of half duplex single frequency communication?

A

Ability to transmit and receive on one radio

147
Q

What is a disadvantage of half duplex single frequency communication?

A

Limited range

148
Q

What is the method of communication that communicates in only one direction at a time, uses two frequencies and requires a repeater?

A

Half duplex dual frequency

149
Q

What are advantages of half duplex dual frequency communication?

A
  • Ability to transmit and receive on one radio

- Increased range of operation

150
Q

What are disadvantages of half duplex dual frequency communication?

A
  • More frequency allocations for use

- Repeater required

151
Q

What is the method of communication that communicates in both directions at the same time, uses two frequencies and requires a repeater?

A

Full duplex

152
Q

What is an advantage of full duplex communication?

A

Range of operation increased

153
Q

What are disadvantages of full duplex communication?

A
  • Greater cost

- Repeater required

154
Q

If a repeater is inoperable, a ____ allows radios to communicate directly to each other

A

Talk around channel

155
Q

What is the capability to alert certain users in a net without a general broadcast to all users?

A

Selective signaling

156
Q

What allows you to monitor transmissions on several different channels?

A

Scanning

157
Q

Who developed a compatibility standard for North

America known as Project 25 (P25)?

A

Association of Public-Safety Communications Offcials (APCO)

158
Q

What does Project 25 (P25) do?

A

Allows multiple government agencies to communicate in emergency situations

159
Q

Over-the-air-rekeying allows you to use what features?

A
  • Remote inhibit
  • Remote enable
  • Zeroize
  • Change-over
160
Q

____ is a handheld device used for loading cryptographic material

A

KVL-3000

161
Q

What are two common brands of portable LMR equipment?

A

Motorola and Harris

162
Q

What are the two frequency bands for portable LMRs?

A
  • VHF (transmit power 6 watts)

- UHF (transmit power 5 watts)

163
Q

What is the portable radio designed for mission-critical applications and is being used to replace the Motorola XTS-5000?

A

Motorola APX-6000

164
Q

What are the characteristics of a mobile radio?

A
  • Vehicular mounted
  • RF power outputs of 20-110 watts
  • Increased power and better antenna than portable radios
  • Generally limited to vehicles
165
Q

What are the characteristics of a base station radio?

A
  • Fixed transceivers that are installed in a building or in a weatherproof shelter
  • Provide increased range over mobile and portable
  • Serves as a hub a convention LMR system net
166
Q

What are the characteristics of consolette radios?

A
  • Semi-portable radio that is considered a fixed piece of equipment
    – Consist of a power supply and a mobile radio with an external building antenna
    – Normally used for dispatch operations
167
Q

What are the characteristics of remote control units?

A
  • Allows you to operate radios from a convienent location
  • Range in complexity from simple station controllers to highly complex digital network controller
  • Possible to connect more than one remote control to a single base station
168
Q

What is a full duplex transmission device that can transmit and receive simultaneously utilizing two frequencies?

A

Repeater

169
Q

What are the five LMR topologies?

A
  • Single-site
  • Multi-site
  • Simulcast
  • Multicast
  • Voting
170
Q

What are the characteristics of a single-site LMR topology?

A
  • Provides coverage for a small geographical area
  • Can contain a base station or a repeater station
  • Have a limited coverage are
171
Q

What are the characteristics of a multi-site LMR topology?

A
  • Sites are tied together via hardwire (T1 or telephone) or RF link
  • Can utilized voting, simulcast and multi-cast
172
Q

What are the characteristics of a simulcast LMR topology?

A
  • Provides wide-area coverage by keying multiple transmitters simultaneously that shares a common frequency
  • Requires careful site setup
  • Site overlap can cause ringing or echo
173
Q

What are the characteristics of a multicast LMR topology?

A
  • Uses different frequencies to prevent echoing on the radio

- Can overlap sites without a problem

174
Q

Which LMR topology has a system with multiple receivers throughout the coverage area that picks up any transmission on the net?

A

Voting

175
Q

In LMR voting, audio from each of the multiple recievers is fed in to a what?

A

Voter comparator

176
Q

What is a system that connects several locations to one controller to conserve resources?

A

Enterprise LMR (ELMR)

177
Q

The ELMR ____ is a computer system made up of sever components such as, ____, ____, ____ and ____ that control the operation of the repeater radios and dispatch consoles

A
  • Core
  • Routers
  • Switches
  • Servers
  • Firewalls
178
Q

What are the goals of ELMR?

A
  • Standardize LMR systems
  • Streamline operations
  • Centralize management
179
Q

What are the benefits of ELMR?

A
  • Enhanced mission effectiveness
  • Streamline info technology effectiveness
  • Improved security
  • Reduced total cost of ownership