Block 5 Flashcards
What mandates and governs all installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)?
AFI 10-2501
What must Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS) do?
- Provide installation-wide coverage
- Reach off-base facilities
- Be intelligible to personnel
- Disseminate attack, emergency, HURCON and MOPP warnings
Which warning is a 3-5 minute STEADY tone on siren or similar warning device?
Disaster Warning
Which warning tone is a 3-5 minute WAVERING tone on siren or similar warning device?
Attack Warning
Which warning tone is a voice announcement?
All Clear
What does a Disaster Warning indicate?
A disaster/incident affecting the base is imminent or in progress
Ex. Tornadoes, flash floods, hazardous chemical releases, wildfires
What does an Attack Warning indicate?
An attack/hostile act is imminent or in progress
Ex. Vehicle bomb, terrorist release of chemical, biological, radioactive materials
What does an All Clear indicate?
The immediate disaster or threat has ended or the attack is over
What are the individual’s actions when hearing a Disaster Warning?
- Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
- Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
- Conduct personnel accountability
What are the individual’s actions when hearing an Attack Warning?
- Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
- Implement security measures, as appropriate
- Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
- Conduct personnel accountability
What are the individual’s actions when hearing an All Clear?
- Remain alert for secondary hazards
- Account for all personnel
- Report fires, injuries, hazards and damage
What are “just rapid changes in air pressure”?
Sound waves
Which principle of sound is also known as magnitude, loudness or intensity of sound?
Volume
What are the two parts of an air pressure wave?
- Compression (Positive air pressure wave)
- Rarefaction (Negative air pressure wave)
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the degree an electronic device accurately reproduces its original signal?
Fidelity
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, a falsified reproduction of an audio signal caused by a change in the waveform from the original signal?
Distortion
What is a notable low-fidelity system?
Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the range of frequencies a speaker can reproduce?
Frequency response (measured in Hertz)
When does feedback occur?
When an open (active) microphone picks the signal coming out of the speaker
What are three ways to avoid feedback?
- Reduce the gain (volume) out of the offending channel
- Make sure the speakers are in front of the microphone
- Limit the amount of open microphones (mute)
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the maximum area (distance) your sound travels?
Audio footprint
Audio footprint and output power are ____ proportional
Directly
What is needed to increase the distance of your audio footprint?
More volume
Increasing the output power to the speaker does what?
Increases the volume
____ are like resistors, they create resistance.
Speakers
What does impedance determine?
How efficiently power is transferred
What achieves maximum power transfer from the amplifier to the speakers?
Impedance matching
What is one of the greatest mistakes you can make when setting up a sound system?
Connecting speakers to an amplifier and ignoring speaker impedance
Which speaker configuration connects components end-to-end?
Series Connection
Which speaker configuration connects components across each other?
Parallel Connection
Which speaker configuration connects multiple speakers in a combination of series and parallel?
Series-Parallel Connection
What consists of speakers mounted on a pole and the electronics cabinet?
A stack
Once ____ is determined, we can identify the stack numbers and their locations
Coverage area
What are three things to consider when placing stacks?
- Avoiding obstructions
- Do not place stacks to close to the runway
- Direct the speakers away from reflective objects
In regards to height restrictions, you must adhere to what?
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and Air Force regulations
In regards to height restrictions for large installation who must you consult with?
The Engineering and Installation (EI) squadron
INWS stacks are ____ with a/an ____ power source.
- Stand-alone
- Independant
When purchasing and INWS, what must you consider?
- Power line failure
- Dead batteries
- Natural disasters
What are three characteristics for INWS amplifiers?
- High power
- Low fidelity
- Inexpensive
What is an electroacoustic transducers that produce sound in response to an electrical audio signal input?
Speakers
Speakers in INWS can handle ____ but tend to have____ and ____
- Massive amounts of power
- Low fidelity
- Low frequency response
What is a transducer that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?
Microphone
What is the opposite of a speaker?
Microphone
What are two modern control sections?
- Local control
- Remote control
____ have simple to complex ways to control their operation
Modern control sections
Where does a dispatcher remotely operate the INWS?
The command station
Where is the INWS command station normally located?
The base Command Post
What does a warning station contain?
- Amplifiers
- Power sources
- Mast
The warning station is also refereed to as a what?
A stack
Why might you work on a variety of INWS?
Because there is no set INWS manufacture requirements in AFI 10-2501
While there is not standard equipment, all INWS have what?
The same generic controls and indicators
What are three INWS manufacturers?
- ATI
- Whelen
- Federal
The ____ is made up of numerous stacks of speakers known as a Siren Station?
Whelen System
What is the most basic function on all INWS units?
Power on/off
____ are any type of electronic equipment that provides an audio signal to the system’s speakers
Input devices
What are examples of input devices?
- Serial port
- Audio port
- Keypad
Which input allows you to connect a computer to the system?
Serial port
Which input allows you to plug in a microphone and make voice announcements from the local stack?
Audio port
Which input allows you to locally operate the stack?
Station control panel (keypad)
An INWS Warning Tone Generator must generate a ____ and ____ tones
- Steady
- Wavering
Every Siren Station (stack) has its own what?
UNIQUE four digit “station address”
Using a what, allows us to pick a single
warning station, a specified group, or all of them?
Siren Station (stack) station address
The station address allows you to select what?
An individual or a group of stations
The four digit station address contains what?
- Quadrant
- Sector
- Radii
- Station
All stations in a system may be accessed by using what?
The wild card (#) for all the address numbers
What is the desktop interface used to communicate with every Siren Station?
Encoder
What are two types of encoders?
- Hard wired
- Wireless
The Whelen system has how many encoders?
Two
- E-969
- E-2010
The encoder’s keypad allows access to what?
- Sub-menus
- Activate alarms
The encoder translates key commands in to what?
A 10-digit Dual-Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) audio tone
DTMF
Dual-Tone Multi Frequency