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MC Test #2 > Block 5 Pregnancy Complications > Flashcards

Block 5 Pregnancy Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What does AFP stand for and what does it do?

A

Alpha Fetoprotein test and it checks for spina bifida

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2
Q

What are some danger signs in pregnancy?

A

sudden gush of fluid. vaginal bleeding. abdominal pain. persistent vomiting. epigastric pain. edema of the face and hands. severe, persistent h/a. blurred vision or dizziness. chills with a fever over 100.4. painful urination or reduced urine output.

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3
Q

what should you do if you have a danger sign of pregnancy?

A

call the dr.

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4
Q

what three dangers of pregnancy could be a sign that the mother is getting ready to seize?

A

severe persistent headache. blurred vision or dizziness.

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5
Q

What is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

excessive nausea and vomiting

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6
Q

this can impact fetal growth by the fetus not giving enough nourishment.

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

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7
Q

this can cause dehydration and reduced delivery of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

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8
Q

what is the 1st rule of hyperemesis gravidarum

A

rule out other causes

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9
Q

What is the treatment of hyperemeis gravidarum

A

correct dehydration and electrolyte or acid imbalance. antiemetic drugs. TPN possibly. hospitalization possibly.

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10
Q

What treatment is provided if the hyperemesis gravidarum patient is hospitalized?

A

IVs and frequent small meals

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11
Q

what is the priority assessment in hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

I&O

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12
Q

What are the six types of spontaneous abortion?

A

threatened. inevitable. incomplete. complete. missed. recurrent.

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13
Q

what is another word for spontaneous abortion?

A

miscarriage

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14
Q

this type of abortion is when the cervix is dilated

A

inevitable

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15
Q

this is the type of abortion when everything is expelled

A

complete

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16
Q

this is the type of abortion when the fetus dies in the uterus and is not expelled at all.

A

missed

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17
Q

what are the two types of induced abortions

A

therapeutic and elective

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18
Q

what is a therapeutic abortion?

A

its done to save the mother. it is not spontaneous

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19
Q

what is an elective abortion?

A

an abortion done for other reasons other than to save the mother.

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20
Q

this happens in incomplete abortion

A

bleeding. cramping. cervical dilation. passage of some tissue.

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21
Q

What five interventions need to be done if a patient in the early stages of pregnancy starts bleeding?

A

document the amount and characteristics of bleeding
save anything that looks like clots or tissue for evaluation by a pathologist
perineal pad count with estimated amount of blood per pad..ex. 50%
monitor vitals
NPO in case of surgical intervention

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22
Q

this needs to be reported after an abortion

A

increased bleeding

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23
Q

how often does the temperature need to be taken after an abortion?

A

q8hr for 3days

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24
Q

this needs to be taken after an abortion

A

iron supplement

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25
Q

when can a patient resume sexual activities after an abortion

A

when the dr says

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26
Q

when can pregnancy occur after an abortion

A

before the first menstrual cycle

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27
Q

this may help the family work through grief

A

spiritual support of the family’s choice. ex.”im sorry” “would you like to talk”

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28
Q

what should not be said to a grieving patient

A

“i know how you feel”

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29
Q

most ectopic pregnancies occur in

A

the fallopian tubes

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30
Q

ectopic pregnancy can be caused from

A

scarring of tubal deformity

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31
Q

what is ectopic pregnancy

A

when the fetus develops outside of the uterus

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32
Q

s/s of ectopic pregnancy

A

lower abdominal pain.

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33
Q

s/s of tube rupturing

A

sudden sever lower abdominal pain.
vaginal bleeding
signs of hypovolemic shock(monitor vitals)
shoulder pain

34
Q

treatments of an ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy test. transvaginal ultrasound. laparoscopic examination.

35
Q

what is the priority of an ectopic pregnancy

A

control bleeding

36
Q

what three actions can be taken in an ectopic pregnancy?

A

no action
treatment with methotrexate
surgery

37
Q

s/s of hypovolemic shock

A 
fetal HR changes
tachycardia
tachypnea
hypotension
decreased or absent urinary output (less than 30ml/hr)
pale skin
cold, clammy skin
faintness
thirst
38
Q

manifestations of hydatidiform mole

A 
bleeding
rapid uterine growth
failure to detect fetal HR
signs of hyperemesis gravidarum
higher than expected hCG levels
39
Q

what causes the s/s of hyperemesis gravidarum in hydatidiform mole

A

increased hCG levels

40
Q

what are the treatments of hydatidiform mole?

A

uterine evacuation. D&E.

41
Q

why should the patient that had hydatifiform mole have follow up care for the next year?

A

because they can get cancer and because it can come back

42
Q

placenta previa=

A

abnormal implantation of placenta

43
Q

what is the s/s of placenta previa?

A

painless bleeding in late pregnancy. uterus is soft

44
Q

abruptio placentae=

A

normal implantation of placenta. it detaches a little bit from the uterine wall

45
Q

s/s of abruptio placentae

A

dark red bleeding and pain

46
Q

what symptom distinguishes abruptio placentae from placenta previa?

A

pain

47
Q

what needs to be observed in the pregnant women with excessive bleeding?

A

pain and uterine rigidity or tenderness

48
Q

when does the doctor need to be called regarding the palpitation of the pregnant women with excess bleeding?

A

if the uterus is rigid or boardlike

49
Q

hypertension is what BP?

A

greater than 140/90

50
Q

risk factors for gestational hypertension(7)

A 
1st pregnancy
obesity
age over 40 or under 19
multifetal pregnancy
hypertension
renal disease
diabetes
51
Q

2 s/s of gestational hypertension

A

edema above the waist. proteinuria. sudden weight gain.

52
Q

gaining 18lbs by 31 weeks is

A

normal

53
Q

treatment of gestational hypertension focuses on these two things

A

maintaining blood flow to the womans vital organs and to the placenta. preventing convulsions.

54
Q

when does gestational hypertension end?

A

when the baby is born

55
Q

5 conservative treatments for gestational hypertension

A 
activity restriction(bed rest)
maternal assessment of fetal activity(kick counts)
BP
Daily weight
checking urine for protein
56
Q

what are drug therapy treatments for gestational hypertension?

A

magnesium sulfate and antihypertensives

57
Q

what is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?

A

calcium gluconaate

58
Q

what is the therapeutic range for magnesium sulfate?

A

4-8

59
Q

what needs to be monitored while on magnesium sulfate?

A

BP, deep tendon reflexes, I&O.

60
Q

when does Rh incompatibility occur?

A

when the mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+

61
Q

when does erythroblastosis fetalis occur?

A

when the maternal anti Rh- antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal erythrocytes

62
Q

what medication does erythroblastosis fetalis require?

A

RhoGAM

63
Q

how often is RhoGAM required?

A

at 28 weeks gestation and within 72 hours to the mother after delivery. amniocentesis and misscarriage abortion

64
Q

when does glucose return to normal in a women who has gestational diabetes?

A

by 6 weeks postpartum

65
Q

what needs to monitored when the women has gestational diabetes

A

infections such as yeast infections or vaginitis(because of the sugar in the vagina). also monitor for polyandrosis

66
Q

7 risk factors related to gestational diabetes

A 
obesity
large infant
older than 25
previous stillbirth
history of gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
family history of diabetes
fasting glucose over 126
67
Q

what is the treatment for gestational diabetes(5)

A 
diet
monitor glucose levels
ketone monitoring
exercise
fetal assessment more closely
68
Q

what needs to be done if the woman discovers ketones in her urine?

A

call the dr.

69
Q

a potential nursing dx for gestational diabetes would be…

A

risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen related to lack of knowledge

70
Q

7 signs of CHF during pregnancy

A 
cough
moist lung sounds
fatigue on exertion
orthopnea
edema
palpitations
changes in fetal HR
71
Q

what can changes in fetal HR indicate?

A

hypoxia or growth restriction

72
Q

what are the two nutritional types of anemia?

A

iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency

73
Q

when should there be a cause of concern regarding the hemoglobin?

A

if it is less than 12

74
Q

3 prevention interventions for iron deficiency anemia

A 
iron supplements
vitamin C(because it may enhance the absorption)
do not take with milk or antiacids because calcium impairs absorption
75
Q

what helps enhance absorption of Iron

A

vitamin C

76
Q

what impairs absorption of Iron

A

calcium. ex. milk and antiacids

77
Q

3 foods high in iron

A

oranges. strawberries. peppers.

78
Q

TORCH=

A 
infections that can be devastating to the fetus or newborn.
toxoplasmosis
other
rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes
79
Q

what does Rubella cause in the fetus or newborn?

A

deafness, mental retardation and cataracts

80
Q

what is the most common abused drug of pregnant women?

A

alcohol(ETOH)

81
Q

what is the reasoning for increased trauma to women during pregnancy

A

increased violent society and more working women

MC Test #2 (4 decks)

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