Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IPT: ID > Block 4 - Viral Infections > Flashcards

Block 4 - Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir vs Valacyclovir, which is the pro drug?

A

Valacyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir AE?

A

Neurotoxicity and AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir MOA?

A

Phosphorylated by Thymidine kinase

Competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bamlanivimab use and counseling point?

A

For mild/moderate COVID-19

Admin within 10 days of symptoms onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cidofovir AE/monitoring?

A

Must be administerd w/ probenecid

Must also be prehydrated w/ 1L of NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cidofovir counseling points?

A

Sulfa allergy

Use back-up method for 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foscarnet AE?

A

Weird dosing

Must be admin w/ hydrating fluids

Electrolyte wasting

Nephrotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Valganciclovir/ganciclovir AE?

A

Bone marrow suppression, leukopenia

AKI (BMP at baseline and at least weekly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Letermovir indication?

A

CMV prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Letermovir AE?

A

Inhibits CYP3A4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Remdesivir AE?

A

LFT elevations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ribavirin AE?

A

BBW: hemolytic anemia, pregnancy

Many toxicities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DOC of HSV?

A

Acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DOC of CMV?

A

Ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is CMV transmitted?

A

Direct contact of fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/Sx of CMV in immunocompromised pt? HIV? Congenital?

A

Immunocompromised = viremia

HIV = retinitis + colitis

Congenital = mental retardation + deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which Rx is used for resistant CMV? AE?

A

Foscarnet + Cidofovir (give w/ probenecid)

Give fluid replacements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

VZV infectious period?

A

48hrs before vesicle formation through 4-5 days after vesicle crust over (so avoid contact until 4-5 days after lesions heal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Zoster Sx?

A

Unilateral vesicular eruption w/ dermatomal distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx of chickenpox/shingles?

A

Hygiene

Acyclovir or Valacyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shingrix vaccine info?

A

0.5ml IM x 2 doses 2-6 months apart, more AE on second dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Measles infectious period?

A

4 days before to 4 days after rash via droplet and airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/Sx of measles?

A

Maculopapular rash, koplik spots which can cause subacute sclerosing panencephaltitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Measles Tx?

A

Supportive care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
S/Sx of mumps?
Parotitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis
26
Mumps Tx?
Supportive care
27
Tx of rabies?
PEP within 10 days Prevent via vaccine IM x days 0, 7, and 21 or 28 days
28
Common coronavirus is the ___ most common cause of a cold
2nd
29
RF of common coronavirus
Sleeping less than 7 hrs per night
30
What are the cell wall inhibitors for antifungal?
Echinocandins (-fungin) Targets Beta-1,3-D glucan synthesis
31
What are the cell membrane inhibitors for antifungals?
Azoles, polyenes (amphotericin B), and allylamines (terbinafine)
32
What are the intracellular based antifungals?
Flucytosine (thymidylate synthase inhibitor)
33
Amphotericin B Echinocandins Flucytosine Triazoles AUC:MIC Peak:MIC Time:MIC
Ampho + Echino = Peak Flucytosine = Time Triazoles = AUC
34
Micafungin has good activity against which kind of fungi?
Candida (yeast), generally used empirically until we get susceptibility
35
DOC for Candida albicans?
Fluconazole
36
DOC for cryptococcus?
Either fluconazole or amphotericin
37
DOC for dimorphic fungi (blastomyces, histoplasma, coccidioides)?
Itraconazole
38
DOC for aspergillus?
Voriconazole
39
DOC for mucormycosis?
Posaconazole, Isavuconazole, or amphotericin
40
Amphotericin dosing?
3-5mg/kg IV daily
41
Amphotericin AE?
Rigors (tx w/ meperidine PRN) Nephrotoxic K/Mg wasting Hepatotoxicity
42
Itraconazole caveats and monitoring?
Capsule taken w/ food Solution taken w/o food Not interchangeable^^ Monitor TDM
43
Voriconazole caveats and monitoring?
Requires LD Visual and auditory issues, skin cancer, prolongs QTc Monitor TDM and eye exam
44
Posaconazole caveats and monitoring?
Suspension requires food for acidic environment, DDI w/ acid suppressants Monitor TDM
45
Isavuconazole caveats and monitoring?
Requires LD Shortens QTc
46
TDM levels of Voriconazole, Posaconazole, and Itraconazole
Voriconazole >1-1.5 to <5-6 Posaconazole >0.5 to 1.5 Itraconazole >0.5 to 1-3
47
Flucytosine BBW and AE
BBW = hematologic, renal and hepatic issues Bone marrow suppression
48
Flucytosine TDM levels?
30 to 80
49
Which antifungals cause the most DDI?
Triazoles (esp posaconazole), ketoconazole, and clotrimazole = inhibitors
50
Yeast w/ "feet" is indicative of what?
Candida albicans
51
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Thrush) Tx?
Mild = Clotrimazole Moderate-Severe = Fluconazole
52
Esophageal Candidiasis Tx?
Fluconazole
53
RF for fungal infections?
Neutropenia (ANC<500 Exposure to broad spectrum Abx Parenteral nutrition CVC
54
Candidemia Tx?
Empiric = Micafungin Definitive = Fluconazole 12mg/kg LD then 6mg/kg daily x2 wks from first negaitive culture
55
Candida endocarditis Tx?
Source control Valve replacement
56
IAI candidiasis?
Source control Empiric Echinocandin
57
Just know that follow up blood cultures are required daily until negative Dilated ophthalmologic exam within 1st week of diagnosis
k
58
What kind of yeast is cryptococcus?
Encapsulated yeast
59
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis Tx?
Induction - AmB + Flucytosine Consolidation - Fluconazole If with HIV, wait to initiate ART for 2-10wks
60
Pulmonary cryptococcosis Tx?
Mild/Moderate - fluconazole for 6-12 months Severe - AmB + Flucytosine
61
Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis - east coast Histoplasmosis - middle of US Coccidioidomycosis - south Texas has both histo and cocci
62
Blastomycoses pathogenesis and localization?
Incubation period of 30-45 days Asymptomatic and presents similar to CAP or chronic PNA
63
Sx of Coccidiodomycosis?
Extreme fatigue Tx with Itra or fluconazole Only one that isnt treated with AmB in severe cases
64
Aspergillus RF
Prolonged neutropenia, waiting for transplant, hematologic malignancy
65
Diagnosis + Aspergillus
Halo signs specific to aspergillosis Galactomannan
66
Mucormycosis RF
DM poorly controlled Persistent neutropenia
67
Mucormycosis presentation
Necrosis Orbital and cerebral invasion
68
Mucormycosis diagnosis
Reverse halo signs on CT
69
Besides Rx, what else is required to treat mucormycosis?
Surgical debridement
70
What are the pathogens that are considered urgent threats to CDC?
Candida auris DR N. gonorrhoeae C. diff Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae

IPT: ID (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions