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Nutrition > Block 3 - Vitamins > Flashcards

Block 3 - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

name the water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

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2
Q

Retinol and Carotenoids are in what class of vitamins?

A

A

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3
Q

which is the active form, retinol or beta-carotine?

A

retinol

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4
Q

what kind of foods have the active form of retinol?

A

most animal sources, primarily dairy and liver

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5
Q

what kinds of food have the precursor form of retinol, beta carotene?

A

mostly plant sources such as leafy greans and brightly-colored vegetables

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6
Q

RDA of Vitamin A

A

700(W)-900(M) mcg

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7
Q

do you get more beta-carotene from a supplement or from the food source?

A

supplement, it is much more potent that the food source

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8
Q

what is the limit on liver consumption, who is it for, and why is there one?

A

< 5000IU/day and limited liver consumption for pregnant women due to birth defects (cleft palate, heart defects, hydrocephalus

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9
Q

who set the limit for liver consumption?

A

March of Dimes

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10
Q

is there a limit on beta-carotene?

A

no, because conversion to the active form decreases as stores fill up

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11
Q

what are the four key adverse effects to vitamin A toxicity?

A

birth defects, liver and spleen enlargement, increased risk of osteoporosis, CNS agitation and HA

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12
Q

a deficiency in what causes vision changes including xerophthalmia and poor night vision; decreased immune function, slowed growth in children; often linked to zinc deficiency (required for retinol binding protein, a vit A transporter)?

A

Vitamin A

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13
Q

vitamin D aka ______

A

calciferol

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14
Q

Vitamin D2 aka _____

A

ergocalciferol

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15
Q

Vitamin D3 aka _____

A

cholecalciferol

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16
Q

what are sources of Ergocalciferol (D2)?

A

plants and dietary supplements

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17
Q

what are sources of Cholecalciferol (D3)?

A

the skin via UV ray exposure, fish, fortified dairy products, fortified cereals

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18
Q

RDA of vitamin D and UL?

A

RDA: 600 (1-70yo) 800 (>70yo) IU/day (100IU = 2.5mcg)
UL: 4000 IU/day

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19
Q

Sun exposure __-__ min without sunscreen twice a week (face, hands, arms, back) is usually adequate - ~1000IU each exposure

A

10-15

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20
Q

what vitamin functions to Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels primarily by absorption, modulation of bone mineralization, cell growth modulation

A

Vitamin D

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21
Q

deficiency of what vitamin can cause rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis?

A

Vitamin D

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22
Q

toxicity of what vitamin can cause N/V, poor appetite, constipation, hypercalcemia, weakness, and weight loss
?

A

Vitamin D

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23
Q

vitamin E aka _____

A

α-tocopherol

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24
Q

sources of vitamin E/α-tocopherol?

A

Vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, wheat germ, “fortified” foods

25
Q

is natural or supplemented vitamin E/α-tocopherol more potent?

A

natural

26
Q

what vitamin’s function is to act as an Antioxidant; protecting cells from free radical damage?

A

Vitamin E/α-tocopherol

27
Q

RDA of Vitamin E?

A

RDA: 15-19 mg/day

28
Q

Increased vitamin E can cause a _______, which can be multiplied when mixed with medications such as _____

A

bleeding risk, warfarin

29
Q

deficiency of what vitamin is rare in healthy individuals; most common with diseases of fat absorption like Crohn’s disease
and results in nerve and muscle degeneration, dry skin or hair, impaired wound healing?

A

vitamin E

30
Q

toxicity of what vitamin causes Increased bleeding risk, GI symptoms, fatigue?

A

vitamin E

31
Q

what is the UL of vitamin E and why is there one?

A

1000mg b/c of bleeding risk

32
Q

vitamin K aka ______

A

quinone

33
Q

vitamin K1

A

phytonadione

34
Q

what are sources of vitamin K1/phytonadione?

A

plants: dark green leafy vegetables, broccoli

35
Q

vitamin K2

A

menaquinone

36
Q

what are sources of vitamin K2/menaquinone?

A

animals: organ meats, eggs

37
Q

vitamin K3

A

menadione

38
Q

characteristics of K3/menadione?

A

synthetic and water-soluble (Not a supplement)

39
Q

what vitamin function in the Synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S?

A

vitamin K/quinone

40
Q

what is the UL of vitamin K?

A

there isn’t one

41
Q

recommended intake of vitamin K?

A

90-120mcg

42
Q

what is the RDA of vitamin K?

A

technically doesn’t have one

43
Q

a deficiency of what vitamin results in increased bruising and bleeding?

A

vitamin K

44
Q

what form of vitamin K can cause hemolytic anemia?

A

K3/menadione

45
Q

describe the toxicities of vitamin K?

A

relatively nontoxic

46
Q

interaction with what two classes of drugs can cause a depletion of vitamin K?

A

antibiotics and anticoagulants

47
Q

interaction with what 3 things can cause decreased absorption of vitamin K?

A

bile acid sequestrants, orlistat, mineral oil

48
Q

what common drug does vitamin K decrease the effect of?

A

warfarin

49
Q

vitamin B1

A

thiamine

50
Q

vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

51
Q

vitamin B3

A

Niacin

52
Q

vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine

53
Q

vitamin B9

A

Folic Acid

54
Q

vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

55
Q

RDA of B1/thiamine?

A

1.1-1.4mg

56
Q

how many days does it take to become deficient of B1/thiamine?

A

~14 days

57
Q

deficiency of what vitamin can result in Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, and beriberi?

A

vitamin B1/thiamine

58
Q

RDA of B2/riboflavin

A

1.1-1.6 mg/day

Nutrition (3 decks)

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