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PSIO303 > Block 3 - Lecture 2 Notes > Flashcards

Block 3 - Lecture 2 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Polyphagia

A

Extreme hunger

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2
Q

Polyuria

A

Peeing more than normal

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3
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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4
Q

ADA criterion for impaired glucose tolerance test

A

Blood glucose at the 2-hour point during OGTT is above 140 mg/dL and below 200 mg/dL

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5
Q

Hypothalamus role in glucoregulation

A

Nutrient sensing and neural output

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6
Q

Pancreas role in glucoregulation

A

Insulin and glucagon secretion

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7
Q

Muscles role in glucoregulation

A

Glucose storage and utilization

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8
Q

Livers role in glucoregulation

A

Glucose storage and production

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9
Q

Adipose role in glucoregulation

A

Glucose storage and adipokine secretion

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10
Q

How much body mass does muscle comprise?

A

40%

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11
Q

Glucose molecules can be transported to be stored as…

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

What is oxidized to produce ATP?

A

Glucose

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13
Q

Important site of glucose disposal from general circulation

A

Liver

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14
Q

Critical site of glucose production

A

Liver

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15
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen stores

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16
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Synthesis of new glucose molecules

17
Q

Pancreatic beta cells

A

Synthesize and secrete insulin. Critical effects of glucose transport and storage in cells.

18
Q

Pancreatic alpha cells

A

Synthesize and secrete glucagon. Critical effects on HGP.

19
Q

HGP

A

Hepatic glucose production

20
Q

Site insulin-stimulated glucose transport

A

Adipose/Adipocytes

21
Q

Glucose carbons can be stored as…

A

glycogen or triglycerides

22
Q

Adipokines with positive cardiovascular and metabolic effects

A
  • Adiponectin
  • Leptin
23
Q

Adipokines with negative cardiovascular and metabolic effects

A

TNF - alpha
Resistin
Interleukin-6
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Angiotensinogen

24
Q

Key role of hypothalamus in whole body glucoregulation

A

Initiate appropriate neural signaling from CMS to peripheral organs to respond to deviations from the “set point” of blood glucose

25
Q

Amadori products

A

Molecules that are permanently glucose-modified

26
Q

Advanced glycation end products (EGEs) are formed by…

A

Non-enzymatic modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid by glucose

PSIO303 (8 decks)

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