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Enroute Basics - Kevin's Version > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what is the difference between these two arrows?

A

The open (white) arrow means that DME can be used to identify the fix the arrow points at.

The dark (black) arrow means the aircraft can NOT use DME to identify the fix it points at.

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2
Q

What may be obtained from the attitude indicator?

A

Degrees of bank

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3
Q

TCAS II generates what?

A

Traffic and Resolution Advisories

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4
Q

The different classes of VORs are:

A

High, Low, Terminal

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5
Q

What is the vertical line on the compass that indicates the direction you are heading called?

A

The Lubber Line

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6
Q

What are the 3 fixed route systems?

A

Airways Jet Route System RNAV Routes

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7
Q

About how many feet is 1 NM?

A

~6000ft

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8
Q

The Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) is found on which type of approach?

A

Non-precision Approach

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9
Q

What is the most realistic/reliable flight instrument?

A

The Attitude Indicator

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10
Q

What are the 3 classes of VORs?

A

Terminal Low High

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11
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?

A

VOR

Black one is Compulsary Reporting

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12
Q

What is an LPV?

A

Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance

(Based on WAAS lateral and vertical guidence)

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13
Q

What is the minimum number of satellites necessary to established a 3D position?

A

4

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14
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a thin MTR line means:

A

The MTR is 5NM or less on each side

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15
Q

The height of an obstruction is indicated on the chart in feet above _______.

A

Both ground level and sea level

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16
Q

The reference line for measuring east-west distances is the _______

A

Prime Meridian

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17
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a frequency which is underlined within a communication box indicates ______.

A

There is no voice transmitted on that frequency

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18
Q

A pilot can receive HIWAS broadcasts via the voice portion of a NAVAID if its communications box has a ______.

A

Blue filled-in circle with a white H

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19
Q

What is the difference between the HAT (height above touchdown zone) and the HAA (height above airport)?

A

The HAT is used for straight in approaches while the HAA is used for circling approaches where the runway for is unknown.

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20
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a Mode C Area is depicted by _______.

A

A solid blue outline

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21
Q

What three systems are used in aviation to confirm and improve GPS accuracy?

A

WAAS LAAS RAIM

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22
Q

What are the 3 advantages of radio navigation?

A
  • All Weather Capabilities - Night Approaches - Bad Weather Approaches
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23
Q

How many different areas of IFR Low Enroute charts are there?

A

36

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24
Q

What is a great circle route?

A

The shortest distance between two points on the earth

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25
Q

On enroute charts, warning areas are shown within what color hatched boundary?

A

Blue hatched for warning areas

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26
Q

NEodd / SWeven cruise altitudes are based off of true course, or true headings?

A

True COURSE

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27
Q

_______ makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude

A

A rhumb line

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28
Q

How often are A/FDs published?

A

Every 56 days

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29
Q

Which will always be a bigger number, SM or NM?

A

SM will always be greater than NM

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30
Q

On enroute charts, alert areas are shown within what color hatched boundary?

A

Brown hatched for alert areas

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31
Q

In the airport data “4500 L 72 122.95” what does the 4500 refer to?

A

Airport elevation above sea level

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32
Q

On the _____ line, no correction is necessary.

A

agonic line

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33
Q

How far do low VORTACs extend out?

A

40 miles

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34
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a thick MTR line means:

A

The MTR is greater than 5NM on each side

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35
Q

What kind of vertical clearance does an OROCA ensure?

A

1,000ft above non-mountanous areas

2,000ft above mountaneous areas

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36
Q

See image

A

Other than Hard Surfaced Runways

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37
Q

On low-enroute charts, airports with approved instrument approach procedures are depicted in which 2 colors?

A

Blue and Green

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38
Q

1 NM = ____ SM

A

1 NM = 1.15 SM

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39
Q

On a low-enroute chart, shaded (brown) areas indicate what?

A

Uncontrolled (class G) airspace below 14,500ft

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40
Q

The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at any given point is called _______.

A

Variation

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41
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a star in the airport data is used to indicate what?

A

Part-time

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42
Q

How are all NDBs, except compass locators, identified?

A

Three-letter identifier in Morse code

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43
Q

What altitudes do terminal VORTACs operate for?

A

12,000 and below

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44
Q

What are WACs designed for?

A

Visual navigation, used by moderate speed aircraft

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45
Q

On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?

A

Civil

Blue: High altitude aircraft

Green: Regular Type Aircraft

Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway

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46
Q

The primary purpose of an IFR area chart is to furnish ______.

A

Terminal data for IFR flights

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47
Q

What unit of speed is used for SM?

A

MPH

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48
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class D airspace?

A

Dashed blue

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49
Q

Changeover Points are only depicted when ______. __ | __|

A

The point is NOT the halfway point between the two navaids

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50
Q

Who is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation?

A

The DOD

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51
Q

See Image

A

Open dot indicates approx. location of VOR

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52
Q

The magnetic compass error that may change as the aircraft heading changes.

A

Magnetic Deviation

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53
Q

What are the two standard marker beacons associated with an ILS?

A

Outer Marker (OM) Middle Marker (MM)

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54
Q

How often are World Aeronautical Charts (WACs) published?

A

Every 12 months

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55
Q

TCAS I generates what?

A

Traffic advisories only

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56
Q

The type of navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations is ______.

A

Dead reckoning

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57
Q

What is the only instrument connected to the pitot tube?

A

Airspeed indicator

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58
Q

1NM is equal to how many minutes of latitude?

A

1 minute of latitude

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59
Q

True heading is true course corrected for effects of _______.

A

Wind

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60
Q

Variation is the angular difference between true north and magnetic north. What are the lines called that connect points of equal difference?

A

Isogonic Lines

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61
Q

Draw/describe the time/distance/speed calculation circle

A

________ | D | |________| | S | T | |____|___ |

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62
Q

What is precession in regards to a gyro?

A

The deflection of a spinning wheel when a force is applied

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63
Q

Which lines connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north?

A

Isogonic Lines

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64
Q

The method of determining and maintaining a desired course or determining an aircraft’s position by use of NAVAIDs on the ground is ______.

A

Radio Naviation

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65
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at 700 AGL)

A

Solid Magenta (feathered)

66
Q

A VOR antenna transmission pattern is _______

A

Omni-directional

67
Q

For east variation, ___(add/subtract)__ degrees of variation

A

Subtract

68
Q

How often are sectional charts published?

A

Every 6 months

69
Q

See image

A

Hard-surfaced runways

70
Q

The Decision Altitude (DA) is found on which type of approach?

A

Precision Approach

71
Q

The boundary of Class B airspace is always depicted in what color?

A

Blue

72
Q

What altitudes do low VORTACs operate for?

A

Below 18,000

73
Q

Which 3 instruments use the properties of a gyroscope for their operation?

A

Turn Coordinator Heading Indicator Attitude Indicator

74
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at surface)

A

Dashed magenta

75
Q

On a low-enroute chart, when included in the airport data, (A) means what?

A

ATIS is available

76
Q

How often are TACs published?

A

Every 6 months

77
Q

What are the 3 components of the HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator)?

A
  • Heading Indicator - VOR/LOC Indicator - Glide Slope Indicator
78
Q

What does a “T” or an “R” after a frequency indicate?

A

That FSS can either Transmit or Recieve on that frequency

79
Q

On a low-enroute chart, this symbol denotes a _____.

A

Minimum Crosssing Altitude (MCA)

80
Q

On a low-enroute chart, an “L” with a circle around it in the airport data means what?

A

Pilot controlled lighting available

81
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class C airspace?

A

Solid magenta

82
Q

This term refers collectively to the worldwide positioning, navigation and timing for one or more satellites

A

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

83
Q

On a low-enroute chart, which 2 special use airspaces have their perimiters hashed in brown?

A

Alert Areas

MOAs

84
Q

How many minutes are there in 1 degree of latitude?

A

60

85
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what color are LF/MF airways vs UHF/VHF airways?

A

LF/MF = Brown

UHF/VHF = Black

86
Q

What does this symbol mean when the airway bends around a navaid?

A

The navaid is not a part of that airway

87
Q

What are the 4 segments of an instrument approach?

A

Initial

Intermediate

Final

Missed

88
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?

A

TACAN

89
Q

What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator?

A

Transponder

90
Q

The protected airspace on a victor airway are:

A

4 NM each side until 51 miles from the VORTAC, then (if another VORTAC is further than 51 miles) a constant extension at a rate of 4.5deg until 10mi each side.

91
Q

What does it mean when a frequency in the communication box is underlined?

A

The pilot can NOT receive live transmissions from the FSS, but CAN receive recorded broadcasts such as HIWAS and TWEBs

92
Q

What altitudes do high VORTACs operate for?

A

1,200 - Upwards

93
Q

Which direction do longitude lines measure?

A

East and West of the Prime Meridian

94
Q

MEFs depict the elevation of the highest ________

A

Known feature within each quadrangle of the chart

95
Q

How far do terminal VORTACs extend out?

A

25 miles

96
Q

On an approach to a specific runway, what do these minimums mean?

5880-1 364 (400-1)

A

MDA or DA: 5880

1mi visibility required

HAT: 374 AGL

(400-1) is for military

97
Q

Which airspeed is relative to undisturbed air mass?

A

True Air Speed

98
Q

How do aircraft using TACAN receive their DME?

A

Automatically

99
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?

A

VOR/DME

Black one is Compulsary Reporting

100
Q

On ______ lines, an east/west correction is necessary.

A

Isogonic lines

101
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class B airspace?

A

Solid blue

102
Q

Which airports are depicted on IFR Low Enroute Charts?

A

Airports with an Instrument Approach Procedure or a hard surfaced runway at least 3000ft long

103
Q

On a low-enroute chart, this symbol denotes a _______.

A

Minimum reception altitude (MRA)

104
Q

The major components of the pitot-static system are:

A

Impact and static chambers and lines

105
Q

What are the 2 Disadvantages of radio navigation?

A
  • Malfunction - Interference
106
Q

Concerning Pressure Changes, High to low, look out ______. Low to high, look to the _____.

A

Below Sky

107
Q

How is the FAF depicted on a non-precision approach?

A

Maltese Cross

108
Q

What can the RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator) be used for?

A

Finds an intersection by tracking two VORs

109
Q

On a low-enroute chart, a (T) depicted next to the facility name means _______.

A

The facility is a Terminal class NAVAID

110
Q

Sectional charts are primarily used for:

A

Pilotage

111
Q

On a sectional chart, what color is Class E airspace (at 1200 AGL)

A

Solid blue (feathered)

112
Q

What unit of speed is used for NM?

A

KTS

113
Q

What is rigidity in regards to a gyro?

A

The tendency for a gyro to always remain upright

114
Q

What are the 2 types of precision approaches?

A

ILS and PAR

115
Q

Airports with control towers are always depicted in which color?

A

In Blue

116
Q

What is the primary difference between a VOR and a TACAN?

A

TACAN operates in the UHF band

117
Q

What is the basic form of navigation for a beginning pilot?

A

Pilotage

118
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what symbol is this?

A

VORTAC

Dark one is Compulsary Reporting

119
Q

1 SM = ____ NM

A

1 SM = 0.87 NM

120
Q

The reference line for measuring north-south distances is the ______

A

Equator

121
Q

Which airspeed is used for flight planning and the enroute portion of the flight?

A

True Air Speed

122
Q

On a low-enroute chart, what is an OROCA (Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude)?

A

Depicted within each quadrangle on the chart to show minimum safe altitudes

123
Q

About how many feet is 1 SM?

A

5,280ft

124
Q

A time zone is established for every _____ degrees of longitude.

A

15

125
Q

On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?

A

Civil-Military

Blue: High altitude aircraft

Green: Regular Type Aircraft

Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway

126
Q

The VOR Course deviation needle indicates the aircraft’s position in relation to the selected ________.

A

Radial

127
Q

On low-enroute charts, What type of (or who uses) airports are these?

A

Military

Blue: High altitude aircraft

Green: Regular Type Aircraft

Brown: No IAPs, but still at least 3000ft long runway

128
Q

A line of equal magnetic variation is called a(n) ______ line.

A

Isogonic

129
Q

A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage or ground or space-based navigation aids is called _______.

A

Area Navigation (RNAV)

130
Q

Which type of route adjusts for the curvature of the earth?

A

A Great Circle Route

131
Q

What method of navigation requires flying a predetermined course, taking into account the effects of wind?

A

Dead reckoning

132
Q

On a low-enroute chart, which 3 special use airspaces have their perimiters hashed in blue?

A

Prohibited

Restricted

Warning

133
Q

What are the 2 major parts of the pitot-static system?

A
  1. The pitot tube with impact pressure chamber and lines 2. The static air vents with static pressure chamber and lines
134
Q

What is the maximum non-radar lateral protected airspace on a victor airway?

A

10nm each side

135
Q

What are the 2 fundamental properties of gyroscopic action?

A
  • Rigidity in space - Precession
136
Q

On a low-enroute chart, light brown shading indicates the presence of _____.

A

Uncontrolled airspace

137
Q

What is the formula for True Heading?

A

TC +/- WCA = TH True Course +/- Wind Correction Angle = True Heading

138
Q

What is the source of external atmospheric pressure on an airplane?

A

Static air vents Used for all 3 instruments

139
Q

How often are IFR high-enroute charts published?

A

Every 56 days

140
Q

See image

A

Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069ft

141
Q

On a low-enroute chart, how can you tell an NDB from a Compass Locator?

A

3 Letter Identifier = NDB

2 Letter Identifier = CL (compass locator)

142
Q

What is the main difference regarding the airports in which IFR low vs. high altitude charts depict?

A

Low altitude charts depict hard surfaced runways of 3,000ft or more while high altitude charts depict hard surfaced runways of 5,000ft or more.

143
Q

What are the 3 primary components of an ILS?

A

Localizer Glide Slope Marker Beacons

144
Q

In most small aircraft, if the vacuum pump fails, which two instruments become inoperative?

A

Heading and attitude indicator

145
Q

What 3 instruments make up the pitot-static system?

A

Altimeter Vertical Speed Indicator Airspeed Indicator

146
Q

What term denotes a magnetic compass error that is caused by materials within the aircraft which possess magnetic properties?

A

Deviation

147
Q

Which line connects points of equal difference between true and magnetic north?

A

The Agonic line

148
Q

Navigation by reference to visible landmarks is called ______.

A

Pilotage

149
Q

A Standard instrument approach procedure is designed to provide _____.

A

IFR descent to a point where a safe landing can be made

150
Q

What are the formulas to put on the scratch paper?

A

________ | D | |________| | S | T | |____|___ | 1 SM = 0.87 NM 1 NM = 1.15 SM TC +/- WCA = TH +/- VAR = MH +/- DEV = CH

151
Q

For west variation, ___(add/subtract)___ degrees of variation

A

Add

152
Q

How often are low and high IFR enroute charts updated?

A

Every 56 days

153
Q

How far do high VORTACs extend out?

A

Below 14,500: 40 miles 14,500-17,999: 100 miles 18,000-FL450: 130 miles FL450 and up: 100 miles

154
Q

What is the compass heading formula?

A

MH +/- DEV = CH Magnetic Heading +/- Deviation = Compass Heading

155
Q

How is a FAF depicted on a precision approach?

A

Lightening Bolt

156
Q

Which symbols for terrain and contour information depict: -Spot Elevation -Approximate Elevation

A

Spot: Dot Approximate: X

157
Q

What is the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound?

A

Mach Number

158
Q

This self-contained system is comprised of gyros, accelerometers and a navigation computer and provides position and navigation info in response to signals from aircraft motion

A

Inertial Navigation System (INS)

159
Q

On VFR charts, highest terrain elevation is depicted along with its

A

Latitude and Longitude

160
Q

As Temperature increases, speed ______.

A

Decreases Temperature |^| Speed |v|

161
Q

What are the 3 supplementary components on an ILS?

A

Approach Lights Compass Locator DME

162
Q

In the airport data “450 L 51 122.7” what does the L stand for?

A

The airport has runway lighting

Enroute Basics - Kevin's Version (6 decks)

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