Block 2 Linux

Question 1

What is Unix?

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Answer 1

It is the generic name for all UNIX-like OS’s

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Question 2

What is UNIX?

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Answer 2

The commercial trademark owned by Bell Labs/AT&T

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Question 3

What is a characteristic about Linux that makes it dissimilar to Windows when it comes to its naming convention?

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Answer 3

Linux is case sensitive

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Question 4

What are some characteristics of the shell? (Name 2)

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Answer 4

-Acts as a command interpreter
-It is how the user interacts with the OS
-Performs I/O redirection
-Manages the environment
-Performs variable and filename substitution

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Question 5

What is the core of the OS?

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Answer 5

the Kernel

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Question 6

What is the flow of data that the user inputs into the system and back out?

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Answer 6

User<->Shell<->Kernel<->Harware

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Question 7

What are some common shells that are used in Linux?

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Answer 7

-Bourne Shell (bsh)
-Bourne Again Shell (bash)
-Korn Shell (ksh)
-C Shell (csh)
-Almquist Shell (ash)
-Z Shell (zsh)

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Question 8

Name 3 functions of the Kernel in Linux

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Answer 8

-Manages creation, scheduling, and termination of processes
-Manages allocation and deallocation of memory
-Manages the filesystem
-Performs error handling
-Manages system I/O

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Question 9

What is the Linux Boot Process?

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Answer 9

BIOS to GRUB 1 to GRUB 2 to Kernel

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Question 10

What does the BIOS task do in the Linux Boot Process?

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Answer 10

POST, an initial hardware setup and configuration, and appropriate boot device is selected and the boot loader is executed

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Question 11

What does the Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) Stage 1 do in the Linux Boot Process?

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Answer 11

It’s sole purpose is to locate and load the second stage of the boot loader into memory

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Question 12

What does the GRUB Stage 2 do in the Linux Boot Process?

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Answer 12

Loads initial RAM disk into memory known as initrd and loads kernel from the disk into memory

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Question 13

What is the Linux Kernel phase of the Linux Boot Process?

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Answer 13

Initializes/configures the memory/hardware and executes the /sbin/init

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Question 14

What is the piece of code that can be added to the kernel at runtime?

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Answer 14

Modules

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Question 15

What do Loadable Kernel Modules (LKM) do?

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Answer 15

Add and remove functionality to/from the kernel while the system is up and running

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Question 16

What allows programs to communicate with the system’s hardware and peripheral devices?

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Answer 16

Device Drivers

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Question 17

How is the directory hierarchy formatted?

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Answer 17

Root then Current then Parent then Child

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Question 18

Why is the root user so powerful?

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Answer 18

User root has total control of the system

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Question 19

What is the root user’s home directory?

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Answer 19

/root

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Question 20

What is the top of the directory structure?

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Answer 20

/

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