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SMA > Block 2 Fixed Wing Aerodynamics > Flashcards

Block 2 Fixed Wing Aerodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Variable Factors affecting Takeoff?

A

Friction, Aerodynamic drag and lift, Thrust, Flaps and Slats.

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2
Q

What is dependent on friction?

A

The effectiveness of nose wheel steering during takeoff or landing.

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3
Q

It is the resistance created by a moving airfoil.

A

What is Aerodynamic drag and lift?

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4
Q

What is the forward velocity induced by thrust that moves an aircraft through the air mass.

A

Thrust

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5
Q

What are Flaps and Slats?

A

Flaps and Slats are what allows the aircraft to takeoff and land at low airspeed.

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6
Q

How does temperature affect takeoff and landing?

A

High temps decrease air density, reduce thrust, and require higher airspeeds and longer takeoff distances.

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7
Q

How does pressure altitude affect takeoff and landing?

A

Higher pressure altitudes reduce thrust, require higher takeoff speeds, and increase takeoff and landing distance.

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8
Q

How do winds affect takeoff and landing?

A

During takeoff and landing the relationship of wind to the runway is the basis for wind computation.

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9
Q

What does Runway condition Reading(RCR) indicate?

A

RCR indicates the coefficient of friction between the aircraft tires and the surface of the runway.

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10
Q

What is the Runway Surface Condition(RSC)?

A

The average depth and type of runway surface covering to the nearest one-tenth inch.

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11
Q

What is Hydroplaning?

A

The result of a marked loss of coefficient of friction between the tires and the runway surface.

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12
Q

What is Slope?

A

The percent of gradient to one-tenth of one percent. It is measured between two ends or points of a runway.

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13
Q

What is Maximum Effort(MRT)?

A

Used when nothing else will save life, property, or mission objective.

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14
Q

Produces close to the maximum thrust of which an engine is capable, but compromises some amount of thrust in the interest of extending engine life.

A

Takeoff Rated Thrust(TRT)

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15
Q

adds the effective density altitude on the airframe to the thrust of the engines.

A

Takeoff Factor(TOF)

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16
Q

The reference number that incorporates the effect of density altitude on an airframe.

A

Ground Performance Number(GPN)

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17
Q

COF combines the thrust developed by the engines with the aircraft gross weight to arrive at a reference number which expresses the aircraft weight to power ratio.

A

Climb Out Factor(COF)

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18
Q

The airspeed used during climb which compromises between the airspeed for maximum rate of climb and the airspeed that produces the most efficient aircraft engine operation.

A

Climb speed

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19
Q

The height an aircraft will climb in a given horizontal distance.

A

Climb Gradient

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20
Q

Minimum speed required for directional control with an outboard engine inoperative and remaining engines at takeoff thrust.

A

Ground Minimum Control Speed(VMCG)

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21
Q

The speed at which an aircraft can experience an outboard engine failure and still maintain directional control using full rudder deflection and not more than five degrees of bank with remaining engines at takeoff or go around thrust.

A

Air Minimum Control Speed(VMCA)

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22
Q

The minimum length required to accelerate on all engines to critical engine failure speed, experience an engine failure at VCEF, and either continue to the takeoff or abort the takeoff within computed distance.

A

Critical Field Length(CFL)

23
Q

Speed an aircraft can lose an outboard engine and either continue takeoff or stop within CFL.

A

Critical Engine Failure Speed(VCEF)

24
Q

The maximum speed at which an aircraft can accelerate with engines at takeoff power, and then stop within the remaining runway available.

A

Refusal Speed(VR)

25
Q

Speed at which aircraft transitions from three point attitude to takeoff attitude.

A

Rotation Speed(VROT)

26
Q

Speed that must be achieved before liftoff occurs.

A

Takeoff Speed(VTO)

27
Q

Maximum ground speed that a tire can structurally withstand during takeoff or landing.

A

Tire Placard Speed

28
Q

What is Tire Limit Speed?

A

Tire placard speed corrected to KCAS or KIAS

29
Q

Highest airspeed the aircraft can stop without exceeding maximum energy absorption.

A

Max Breaking Speed(VBMAX)

30
Q

Distance required to accelerate to takeoff speed.

A

Takeoff Ground Run

31
Q

What does the Horizontal Stabilizer trim settings do?

A

Compensates for differences between the center of gravity and the center of lift.

32
Q

What is Accel Check Speed

A

Time VS speed check to compare acceleration against elapsed time. Used to reject a takeoff predetermined point for substandard performance.

33
Q

What is Approach(Vapp)?

A

Segments of the approach are flown at this speed.

34
Q

What is Threshold speed?

A

When aircraft is crossing the threshold at 50 feet.

35
Q

What is Landing distance?

A

Based on flying threshold speed at 50 feet above the threshold.

36
Q

What is Landing Ground Roll?

A

Distance required after touchdown to stop the aircraft.

37
Q

What is Constant Altitude?

A

Consists of an aircraft climbing to cruise altitude and remaining there until we initiate descent.

38
Q

What is cruise climb cruise?

A

Obtains the best gas mileage, but is the hardest to fly due to the constant increase in altitude and ATC restrictions.

39
Q

What is Optimum step Climb

A

A compromise between constant altitude and cruise climb cruise.

40
Q

Constant Power

A

Very seldom used on large aircraft. Once power is set we leave it alone.

41
Q

Constant Speed

A

Used quite often. Once we establish our cruise speed, the pilot will maintain it throughout the flight.

42
Q

Maximum Range

A

Provides the best gas mileage for the conditions of the day.

43
Q

Endurance

A

Flying at the airspeed that will give us our lowest fuel flow.

44
Q

Gives greatest amount of time when flying at constant altitude.

A

Best Endurance

45
Q

Flying our endurance airspeed while maintaining our optimum altitude.

A

Maximum Endurance

46
Q

What is Rapid Descent?

A

High rate of descent that is derived from the combination of gross weight versus power and the external configuration of the aircraft.

47
Q

What is penetration descent?

A

Descent made when the need for a faster than normal change in altitude exists. Very Dangerous

48
Q

What is En Route Descent?

A

Most common type. Fuel economy and passenger comfort are the outstanding qualities which make this type of descent more practical.

49
Q

What is Positive wing camber?

A

Lower surface has a convex curve

50
Q

What is Negative wing camber?

A

Lower surface has a concave curve

51
Q

What is Zero wing camber?

A

Lower surface has no curve, straight surface

52
Q

What is Angle of Incidence?

A

Angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the chord of the wing by the angle at which the wing is attached to the fuselage.

53
Q

Direction of the airflow with respect to the wing, created by the motion of the aircraft through the air.

A

Relative Wind

54
Q

What is Angle of Attack?

A

Angle between the wing chord line and the direction of the relative wind, meaning the angle between the chord line and flight path.

SMA (30 decks)

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