Block 2: Differentiating Between G.N. Bacteria & Keys Facts

Question 1

Generally, the term “petechiae” refers to smaller lesions. What are the larger skin lesions called?

Answer 1

“Purpura” and “ecchymoses” are terms that refer to larger lesions. In certain situations purpura may be palpable.

In all situations, petechiae, ecchymoses, and purpura do not blanch when pressed.

The tumbler test** can be used by pressing against the rash. **If the rash does not change color** with pressure applied, **it may be a sign of a meningitis infection.

Question 2

What two signs can be elicited to assess if a patient has N.meningitis?

Answer 2

Brudzinski

&

Kernig

Question 3

How to differentiate pathogenic neisseria:

Answer 3

Gonococcus = utilizes glucose

Meningococcus = maltose + glucose

Question 4

Gonococcus Gonorrhoea is a genito-urinary tract infection. Uretthritis can occur in both men and women. But, what other inflammations can occur in addition to women?

Answer 4

Endocervicitis

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Question 5

1. What two pathogens can cause FHCS?
2. They are also the cause for a neonatal inflammatory infection. What is this called and how is it treated??

Answer 5

1.

• –Chlamydia trachomatis* is the most common pathogen
• –N.gonorrhoeae can also cause it*

2.

Ophthalmia neonatorum (Neoonatal conjuctivitis)

•Chlamydia and N.gonorrheae are the most common STDs that cause septic neonatal conjunctivitis

-come from the mother’s birth canal, and are passed to the infant during delivery.

administer prophylactic antibiotic drops/ointment after delivery —-> prevent eye infection in newborn

The most common bacteria passed to infants during delivery are due to STDs from the mother’s birth canal. If untreated, many of these infections can cause serious damage to the infant’s eye

Question 6

Septic arthritis can be caused by…..

Answer 6

•Gonococcus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in the sexually active age group

•Staph. aureus is the most common cause in children and adults over 50yrs

Question 7

Chocolate agar are highly effective for the diagnosis for what two bacterial pathogens?

Answer 7

Chocolate agar (heated blood agar) is an excellent medium for isolation of:

1. Haemophilus influezae (need factor X – hemin an factor V – NAD)

2. N. gonorrhoeae

Question 8

The following are the most common pathogens for what acute disease?

Streptococcus pneumoniae (30-40%),

Haemophilus influenzae NTHi (20-30%), and

Moraxella catarrhalis (12-20%).

Answer 8

**Acute sinusitis**

Question 9

Important points for Acinebacter?

Answer 9

•Nosocomial pathogen: hospitalized pts at risk are those :*

–In ICUs

–on ventilators

–with invasive devices (urinary catheters)

•Important diseases:

–Pneumonia (ventilator associated pneumonia)

–Wound infections (high incidence in army personnel injured in Iraq and Afghanistan) *

•Multidrug resistant *

Question 10

The most common bacterial causes of:

acute otitis media, sinusitis AND bacterial conjunctivitis in childhood are:

Answer 10

1.Streptococcus pneumoniae

2.Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae

3.Moraxella catarrhalis ( in that order)

Question 11

Compare and contrast the pain level of the 3 most common STDs that present with ulceration***

Answer 11

Chancroid - painful soft ulcer

Syphilis - 1 or 2 painless ulcers

Genital herpes - small fluid filled vesicles that are VERY painful

***Look to picture to see micro-organism responsible for each

Question 12

EIEC causes bloody stooled-diarrhea with mucous and a profuse(high) fever. What other pathogen virtually mimics the same symptoms?

Answer 12

Shigella —–> Shigellosis

Question 13

What differeniates Coxiella burnetti from Brucella?

Answer 13

Brucella is actually visible on gram stain, and is associated with undulant (rising and falling) fevers

Question 14

3 common types of atypical pneumonia?

Answer 14

Legionella

Mycoplasma

Chlamydia