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PHARMACOLOGY > BLOCK 2 ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

BLOCK 2 ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

0
Q

Non B lactam drugs

A

MAIN= VANCOMYCIN

  1. bacitracin
  2. polymyxins
  3. teicoplanin
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1
Q

B lactam antibiotics 4

A
  1. penicillins
  2. cephalosporins
  3. carbapenems
  4. monobactams
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2
Q

protein synthesis inhibtors 4

A
  1. tetracyclines
  2. amino-glycosides
  3. macrolides
  4. others
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3
Q

antifolates 2

A
  1. sulfonamides

2. trimethoprim-sulfa-methoxa-zole= TMP/SMX

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4
Q

miscallaneous DNA antibiotics 3

A
  1. metronid-azole= flagyl
  2. daptomycin= cubicin
  3. fluoroquinolines
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5
Q

urinary tract antiseptics

A
  1. nitro-furan-toin
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6
Q

gout drug and why mentioned

A

Probenecid
it inhibits the tubular secretion of a # of acids including
1. penicillin
2. cephalosporins
3. fluoroquinolines
therefore it increases the half life of these drugs

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7
Q

What are the penicillin groups?

A
  1. natural penicillins
  2. anti-staph penicillins
  3. amino-penicillins
  4. anti-pseudomonas penicillins
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8
Q

2 natural penicillins

A
  1. penicillin V

2. penicillin G

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9
Q

only UTI drug we know

A

Nitro-furan-toin

nitrofurantoin

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10
Q

MOA of the 1 UTI drug we know

A

nitrofurantoin

bacteria metabolize drug to active form
active form–> inhibits enzymes and damages DNA

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11
Q

Most UTIs are what organism and what drug would you give (if its an uncomplicated UTI)?

A

E. Coli= gram -

nitrofurantoin

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12
Q

what is a side effect of nitrofurantoin and what is the drug used for?

A

nitrofurantoin= uncomplicated UTI

turns urine BROWN

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13
Q

What other drugs could you give for an uncomplicated UTI?

A
  1. TMP/SMX

2. fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

What drugs would you give for a complicated UTI?

A

antipseudomonal penicillin + gentamicin

gentamicin= aminoglycoside

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15
Q

what is the purpose of probenecid?

A

probenecid= anti gout drug

BUT–> inhibits tubular secretion of # of acids including

	1. penicillins
	2. cephalosporins
	3. Fluoroquinolines therefore: can give probenecid if you want to increase the half life of antibiotic
16
Q

What do fluoroquinolines generally target?

A

gram -; BUT 3rd and 4th gen can kill bacteroides (anaerobic) and clostridium ( but not difficile)
ALSO give 3rd and 4th gen FQ for penicillin and macrolide resistant Strept. pneumoniae

17
Q

MOA of fluroquinoline, function of the enzyme it inhibits

A

inhibit DNA gyrase= topoisomerase 2

enzyme that relaxes + supercoils in the DNA–> this allows for normal transcription and replication

18
Q

What do you have to remember about FQ?

A

DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2–> relaxes + supercoiling

+ supercoiling= tension–> - replication
no topoisomerase 2= no DNA replication

FQ= bactericidal

19
Q

2nd gen fluoroquinolines and their spectrum

A
  1. ciprofloxacin
  2. ofloxacin

broad= lots of gram -

20
Q

3rd gen fluroquinolines and their spectrum

A
  1. levo-floxacin
  2. moxi-floxacin

very broad= gram - and +

21
Q

4th gen fluoroquinolines and their spectrum

A

gemi-floxacin

very broad= gram - and +

22
Q

which fluoroquinolines are considered broad enough to be affective against Strept. pneumoniae

A

3rd and 4th generation bc they are so broad

active for penicillin and macrolide resistant Strept. pneumoniae

23
Q

How do you get resistance to FQ?

A
  1. mutation in bacterial DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2–> decreases affinity of drug for enzyme
  2. decreased penetration or increased efflux of drug= decreased accumulation of drug in bacterial cells
24
Q

do you have to adjust the dose of FQ for renal failure?

A

yes, all FQ are filtered at the glomerulus

25
Q

Adverse effects of FQ?

A

generally well tolerated
1. effect COLLAGEN METABOLISM AND CARTILAGE DEVELOPMENT–> think CT
CAN CAUSE TENDONITIS AND TENDON RUPTURES IN ADULTS
2. GI upset
3. phototoxicity (like tetracyclines)

26
Q

You need to avoid antacid use (Mg2+ and Al3+) and iron and zinc supplements when you take which 2 drugs?
aka metal chelation

A
  1. fluoroquinolines

2. tetracyclines

27
Q

What are the miscellaneous DNA antibiotics

A
  1. metro-nid-azole= flagyl

2. dapto-mycin= cubicin

28
Q

Which drugs should you not take concurrently with antacid or zinc and iron supplements?

A
  1. Tetracyclines

2. Fluoroquinolines

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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