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PHARMACOLOGY > 8 Anti-Helmintics > Flashcards

8 Anti-Helmintics Flashcards

0
Q

trematodes and cestodes are both considered flatworms but more specifically are

A
  1. trematodes= flukes

2. cestodes=tapeworms

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1
Q

what are the 3 groups of helminths

A
  1. nematodes= round worms
  2. trematodes= flat worms
  3. cestodes= flat worms
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2
Q

drugs for nematodes/roundworms

A
  1. albendazole
  2. pyrantel
  3. thiabendazole
  4. ivermectin
  5. diethylcarbamazine
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3
Q

albendazole is the DOC for–> nematodes/ roundworms=

A
  1. whipworms= Trichuris trichura
  2. pinworms= Enterobius vermicularis
  3. hookworms= Necator americanus
  4. round worms= Ascariasis lumbricoided
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4
Q

MOA for albendazole= vs. nematodes/round worms

A

binds to and interferes with microtubules

decreases glucose uptake–> parasite being expelled in feces

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5
Q

where is albendazole metabolized

A

liver

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6
Q

if its pinworm…

A

give albendazole to everyone in the household–> treat everyone

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7
Q

pyrantel (vs. nematodes/roundworms) is good vs.

A
  1. round worms
  2. pinworms
  3. hookworms

BUT nowhere near as effective as albendazole

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8
Q

what is the issue with pyrantel

A

its OTC drug–> so pts can self-medicate

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9
Q

MOA pyrantel (for nematodes/roundworms)

A

depolarizing m. blocking agent

  • -> its + parasites nicotinic receptors
  • this paralyzes the worm which gets expelled by the hosts intestinal tract
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10
Q

pyrantel is…

A

not advised in preg women bc there has been no established safety

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11
Q

if you have pinworms, WHAT DO YOU DO?

A

treat the whole family and anyone that came in contact

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12
Q

side effects of pyrantel (nematodes)

A
  1. dizziness, headaches
  2. abd cramps, vomiting
  3. increased liver enzymes–>liver disease
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13
Q

use thiabendazole (nematodes/roundworms) vs.

A
  1. threadworms= strongyloides stercoralis
  2. cutaneous larvae migrans= creeping eruption
  3. early stages trichinosis= Trichinella spiralis
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14
Q

MOA of thiabendazole

A

similar to albendazole?

-interferes with synthesis of parasites microtubules and decreases glucose intake

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15
Q

side effects of thiabendazole

A

LIVER DAMAGE–> jaundice
-bad smelling urine

STEVEN-JOHNSON SYNDROME–> skin layers separate

16
Q

would you give thiabendazole to preg women?

A

NO

17
Q

ivermectin (nematode/roundworms)= DOC for

A

Onchocerca volvulus–> riverblindness/onchocerciasis

scabies

18
Q

MOA of ivermectin (river blindness)

A

targets GABA a receptors= mostly everywhere

–>causes Cl influx–> hyperpolarization–> paralysis of worm–> expelled

19
Q

characteristics of ivermectin (river blindness)

A
  1. doesnt cross BBB
  2. metabolized in liver
  3. poop out
20
Q

side effects of ivermectin (river blindness<– nematode)

A
  1. dizziness
  2. diarrhea
  3. LEUKOPENIA= decreased leukocytes
21
Q

if you rapidly start killing worms with ivermectin you will see…

A

worms in the whites of the eye= MAZZOTTI RXN

22
Q

when would it be contraindicated to give a pt ivermectin

A

if the patient is taking

  1. benzos
  2. barbs

or if the pt is pregnant

23
Q

Diethycarbamazine is the DOC for

A

treating filariasis= Wuchereria bancrofti

24
Q

MOA of diethylcarbamazine

A

decrease the muscular activity of parasites

25
Q

What drug would you use for a trematode (flatworm–> fluke) infections

A

praziquantel

26
Q

Praziquantel is the DOC for

A
  1. schistosomiasis
  2. trematodes= flatworms–> flukes
  3. cestode (flatworms–> tapeworms) infections= cysticercosis
27
Q

MOA of praziquantel (used for trematodes and cestodes)

A

increase permeability of cell membrane to calcium

–> contracture and paralysis of parasite

28
Q

which antihelminth has significant 1st pass effect

A

praziquantel–> for trematodes and cestodes

-also metabolized by the liver

29
Q

contraindications for praziquantel

A
  1. dont give to preg women

2. dont use with cimetidine= p450 –> will increase plasma levels of praziquantel

30
Q

what else can praziquantel be used for?

A

cestodes= tapeworms

  1. beef tapeworm
  2. pork tapeworm
  3. fish tapeworm

SOUNDS LIKE CHINESE BUFFET

31
Q

how are trematodes and cestodes similar

A

they both lack a mouth and digestive tract

32
Q

praziquantel is the DOC for trematodes and cestodes in the US but in other countries the DOC for cestodes/tapeworms is…

A

niclosamide–> which - parasites mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylation (uncouples the rxn from ADP to ATP

33
Q

what do you have to do before administering niclosamide

A

administer laxative prior to oral administration to purge bowel of dead segments

AVOID ALCOHOL W/I 1 DAY OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG
.COM

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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