Block 2 - Actions of Antiobiotics

Question 1

What 4 types of antibiotic effects:

cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

beta-lactams

vancomycin

bacitracin

isoniazid (INH)

Question 2

What type of antibiotic effects:

cell membrane functions

Answer 2

polymixins

amphotericin B

Question 3

What type of antibiotic effects:

bacterial metabolism

Answer 3

sulfonamides

trimethoprim

azoles (fluconazoles)

Question 4

What type of antibiotic inhibits:

nucleic acid sythesis

Answer 4

quinolones / fluoroquinolones

rifampin

metronidazole

nucleoside analogues

flucytosine / 5-fluorocytosine (5FC)

Question 5

What type of antibiotic inhibits:

protein synthesis (occuring at the ribosome)

Answer 5

(50S)

macrolides

chloramphenicol

clindamycin

(50S)

erythromycin

(30S)

aminoglycosides

amikacin

(30S)

tetracyclines

streptomycin

Question 6

What type of antibiotic effects:

binding to PBP

prevents peptidoglycan synthesis

degrading cell wall with autolytic enzymes

Answer 6

beta-lactams

(cell wall synthesis)

Question 7

What type of antibiotic effects:

binding to cross-link peptides

prevents adding new sections of peptidoglycan

Answer 7

vanomycin

(cell wall synthesis)

Question 8

What type of antibiotic effects:

blocks phospholipid carriers that cross the membrane

Answer 8

bacitracin

(cell wall synthesis)

Question 9

What type of antibiotic effects:

inhibits mycolic acid in mycobacterium (TB)

Answer 9

isoniazid (INH)

Question 10

What type of antibiotic effects:

active against gram-negative

(nephrotoxic)

Answer 10

polymixins

(cell membrane function)

Question 11

What type of antibiotic effects:

antifungal binds with ergosterol in fungal membranes

(somewhat toxic)

Answer 11

amphotericin B

Question 12

What type of antibiotic effects:​

inhibits folic acid synthesis by competing for precursors

Answer 12

sulfonamides

Question 13

What type of antibiotic effects:​

interferes with folic acid production by inhibiting metabolic enzymes

Answer 13

trimethoprim

Question 14

What type of antibiotic effects:

inhibits synthesis of ergosterol

(antifungal)

Answer 14

azoles (fluconazole)

Question 15

What type of antibiotic effects:​

inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

Answer 15

quinolones / fluoroquinolones

Question 16

What type of antibiotic effects:

inhibits transcription by binding to RNA polymerase inhibiting the initiation of mRNA synthesis

Answer 16

rifampin

Question 17

What type of antibiotics effect:

breakages of microbial DNA

(bacterial and parasitic)

Answer 17

metronidazole

Question 18

What type of antibiotics effect:

inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis by altering their composition using nucleic acid analogues (NAA)

(antiviral antimicrobics)

Answer 18

nucleoside analogues

Question 19

What type of antibiotics effect:

binds to 50S portion of ribosome and blocks peptide bond formation

Answer 19

Macrolides

Chloramphenicol

Clindamycin

Question 20

What type of antibiotics effect:

incorporates into fungal DNA and prevents DNA/Protein synthesis

(antifungal)

Answer 20

flucytosine / 5-fluorocytosince (5FC)

Question 21

Beta-Lactams are most effective against what?

Answer 21

Actively growing bacteria

&

Gram positive

Question 22

What type of antibiotics effect:

bind to 50S portion of the ribosome and prevents translocation (movement of ribsome along mRNA)

Answer 22

ertyhromycin

Question 23

What type of antibiotics effect:

binds to 30S and causes misread of mRNA

(incomplete synthesis of protein)

Answer 23

aminoglycosides

amikacin

Question 24

What type of antibiotics effect:

interferes with attachment of tRNA to mRNA

(ribosome-mRNA complex)

Answer 24

tetracyclines

streptomycin