Block 2 - Actions of Antiobiotics Flashcards
What 4 types of antibiotic effects:
cell wall synthesis
beta-lactams
vancomycin
bacitracin
isoniazid (INH)
What type of antibiotic effects:
cell membrane functions
polymixins
amphotericin B
What type of antibiotic effects:
bacterial metabolism
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
azoles (fluconazoles)
What type of antibiotic inhibits:
nucleic acid sythesis
quinolones / fluoroquinolones
rifampin
metronidazole
nucleoside analogues
flucytosine / 5-fluorocytosine (5FC)
What type of antibiotic inhibits:
protein synthesis (occuring at the ribosome)
(50S)
macrolides
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
(50S)
erythromycin
(30S)
aminoglycosides
amikacin
(30S)
tetracyclines
streptomycin
What type of antibiotic effects:
binding to PBP
prevents peptidoglycan synthesis
degrading cell wall with autolytic enzymes
beta-lactams
(cell wall synthesis)
What type of antibiotic effects:
binding to cross-link peptides
prevents adding new sections of peptidoglycan
vanomycin
(cell wall synthesis)
What type of antibiotic effects:
blocks phospholipid carriers that cross the membrane
bacitracin
(cell wall synthesis)
What type of antibiotic effects:
inhibits mycolic acid in mycobacterium (TB)
isoniazid (INH)
What type of antibiotic effects:
active against gram-negative
(nephrotoxic)
polymixins
(cell membrane function)
What type of antibiotic effects:
antifungal binds with ergosterol in fungal membranes
(somewhat toxic)
amphotericin B
What type of antibiotic effects:
inhibits folic acid synthesis by competing for precursors
sulfonamides
What type of antibiotic effects:
interferes with folic acid production by inhibiting metabolic enzymes
trimethoprim
What type of antibiotic effects:
inhibits synthesis of ergosterol
(antifungal)
azoles (fluconazole)
What type of antibiotic effects:
inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
quinolones / fluoroquinolones
What type of antibiotic effects:
inhibits transcription by binding to RNA polymerase inhibiting the initiation of mRNA synthesis
rifampin
What type of antibiotics effect:
breakages of microbial DNA
(bacterial and parasitic)
metronidazole
What type of antibiotics effect:
inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis by altering their composition using nucleic acid analogues (NAA)
(antiviral antimicrobics)
nucleoside analogues
What type of antibiotics effect:
binds to 50S portion of ribosome and blocks peptide bond formation
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
What type of antibiotics effect:
incorporates into fungal DNA and prevents DNA/Protein synthesis
(antifungal)
flucytosine / 5-fluorocytosince (5FC)
Beta-Lactams are most effective against what?
Actively growing bacteria
&
Gram positive
What type of antibiotics effect:
bind to 50S portion of the ribosome and prevents translocation (movement of ribsome along mRNA)
ertyhromycin
What type of antibiotics effect:
binds to 30S and causes misread of mRNA
(incomplete synthesis of protein)
aminoglycosides
amikacin
What type of antibiotics effect:
interferes with attachment of tRNA to mRNA
(ribosome-mRNA complex)
tetracyclines
streptomycin
