Block 2

Question 1

What is subcutaneous infection?

Answer 1

Deepest of the 3; skin, subcutaneous tissue and the rare tissue and organs. Agents; soil, leaves and organic matter. Tissues are affected with respect to the organism that caused the disease.

Question 2

Superficial vs Cutaneous

Answer 2

Superficial; no pathology changes, no living tissue damaged, innocuous (host doesn’t notice) and no host cellular response

Cutaneous; no living tissue damaged, pathology changes, infectious agents and metabolic products are present and immune system involved

Question 3

What are ways to think about superficial and cutaneous infections?

Answer 3

superficial is like the umbrella and the cutaneous and subcutaneous fall under it. subcutaneous is the deeper of the ones listed.

Question 4

dermatophytosis vs dermatomycosis

Answer 4

phytosis; keratinophillic (loves), Trichophytan, Epidermophytan and Microsporum
mycosis; second spread from systemic mycosis, Candida species and colonization by soil inhabiting organisms

Question 5

What are dermatophytosis

Answer 5

some produce sexually
keratinase; enzyme that destroys keratin
genus; arthroderma
trichophyton and microsporum fall under the genus

Question 6

What are the geographic distributions of cutaneous infections?

Answer 6

warm/humid
tropics/subtropics
“world wide or regional”

Question 7

Ways to transmit cutaneous infections?

Answer 7

spores (arthrospores and conidiaspores), direct contact w/ asymptomatic and symptomatic hosts, airborne, soil and fomites (brush, bed linens)

Question 8

What are factors for cutaneous infections?

Answer 8

DM
poor hygiene
circulation behaviour
maceration of creases and folds of the skin

Question 9

Types of Dermatophytic infections

Answer 9

capitis; head/scalp
corporis; body
axillaris; arm pits/under arm
cruris; groin (jock's itch)
pedis; feet
unguim; nails/nail plate

Question 10

Organisms that fall under superficial infections

Answer 10

Malassezia species
lipophillic (fat loving)
attach to body surfaces of animals and humans
7 distinct species
28S rRna gene sequence
6 new species

Question 11

6 new Malassezia species

Answer 11

M. dermatis
M. equi
M. japonica
M. caprae
M. nana

Question 12

clinical presentation of Malassezia species

Answer 12

Pityriasis (versicolor and folluliculitis), dandruff, AEDS and fungaemia

Question 13

Subcutaneous species

Answer 13

chromoblastomycosis
mycetoma
phaeohyphomycosis
lobomycosis
sporotrichosis
rhinosporidiosis
zygomycosis