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AN 711 Gross Anatomy > Block 1 Lecture Questions > Flashcards

Block 1 Lecture Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the brain called

A

nuclei

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2
Q

what are the collections of axons in the PNS called

A

nerves

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3
Q

what type of nerve transmits tickle sensations

A

somatic afferent

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4
Q

what type of nerve signals the stomach to contract

A

visceral efferent

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5
Q

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons located

A

lateral horn of spinal cord

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6
Q

what type of nerve fibers travel in a ventral root

A

somatic and visceral efferent

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7
Q

what type of nerve is the C5 root of the brachial plexus

A

ventral rami

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8
Q

why is the cauda equine longer than the conus medullaris

A

the vertebral column is longer than the spinal cord

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9
Q

where is CSF located

A

between arachnoid and pia

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10
Q

which meningeal layer gives rise to denticulate ligaments

A

pia

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11
Q

what type of cartilage makes up an intervertebral disc

A

fibrous

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12
Q

what other structure does the pia mater give rise to

A

film terminale internal and externum

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13
Q

what type of joint is an intervertebral disc

A

secondary cartilaginous

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14
Q

what movement most likely occurs at a hinge joint

A

flexion/extension

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15
Q

where else are secondary cartilaginous joints found

A

midline spine (IV joints), pubic symphysis, sternum

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16
Q

what is an example of a hinge joint

A

elbow, knee, interphalangeal, ankle

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17
Q

what bony feature is found on the posterior of the mandible

A

condyle

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18
Q

which movements are likely to occur at the condyle

A

biaxial movement

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19
Q

what type of axons travel in nerves that extend to the epidermis

A

somatic afferent

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20
Q

which type of information is conveyed in somatic axons

A

touch, vibration, temperature, and pain

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21
Q

where are the neuronal cell bodies located for somatic afferent

A

dorsal root ganglion

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22
Q

what type of nerve fiber supplies sweat glands

A

visceral efferent, sympathetic

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23
Q

where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent

A

lateral horn of spinal segments T1-L2

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24
Q

where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent

A

paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain)

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25
Q

what type of joint is the axio-appendicular joint of the upper limb

A

planar synovial

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26
Q

what type of joint connects most skull bones

A

fibrous joints

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27
Q

what is one exception of skull bone joints

A

the TMJ is a synovial joint

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28
Q

what is the function of a spinous process

A

muscle attachment

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29
Q

what is the difference between spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar region

A

cervical- bifid, more horizontal lumbar- short, broad, very horizontal

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30
Q

what restricts extension of the spine

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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31
Q

what is the function of the nuchal ligament

A

prevents hyperflexion

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32
Q

what type of movements occurs at the IV joint

A

flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion

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33
Q

which muscle forms the superficial layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique

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34
Q

what is the homologous muscle in the thorax

A

external intercostal

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35
Q

contraction of the anterior part of the left muscle produces what movement

A

contralateral rotation to the right

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36
Q

contraction of which muscle extends the spine

A

bilateral erector spinae

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37
Q

what movement does unilateral contraction produce

A

ipsilateral flexion/bending

38
Q

what is the nerve supply for bilateral erector spinae

A

dorsal rami

39
Q

what is the nerve supply for the external oblique

A

ventral rami

40
Q

what other tissues do the dorsal rami supply

A

Intrinsic back muscles and the skin of the back

41
Q

what is an intercostal nerve

A

ventral ramus

42
Q

what nerve fiber types travel in an intercostal nerve

A

somatic efferent- to muscle
somatic afferent and postganglionic sympathetic- to skin

43
Q

which muscle is located within the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia

A

sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

what are the action and innervation of the SCM

A

contralateral roation, lateral bending
accessory nerve and trapezius

45
Q

which nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the posterior neck

A

dorsal rami

46
Q

if the hyoid is depressed and fixed in place, which of the following is a suprahyoid muscle that will assist in depressing the mandible

A

digastric

47
Q

which nerve innervates the digastric muscle

A

anterior belly- CN V
posterior belly- CNVII

48
Q

if the hyoid muscles are not able to function what are the symptoms

A

neck tightness, speech difficulties, dysphagia

49
Q

what does the visceral layer of the pre tracheal fascia enclose

A

esophagus, larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid glands

50
Q

the thyroid gland is located anterior to which structure

A

trachea

51
Q

at which vertebral level is the hyoid bone located

A

C3

52
Q

what is a palpable landmark that indicates the location of the airway

A

laryngeal prominence

53
Q

between which two layers of fascia is located in the retropharyngeal/danger space

A

visceral layer of pre tracheal and pre vertebral

54
Q

why is the danger space dangerous

A

it extends from the skull to diaphragm and infection can easily spread through this space

55
Q

which nerves form the cervical plexus

A

ventral rami

56
Q

which spinal cord segments contribute to the cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

57
Q

which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck

A

dorsal rami

58
Q

where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located

A

lateral horn of spinal cord, upper thoracic region

59
Q

which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise

A

subclavian

60
Q

which lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein

A

superficial cervical

61
Q

where do lymph nodes drain to after the superficial cervical

A

deep cervical node

62
Q

where does lymph return to the venous system

A

venous angle

63
Q

damage to which cervical triangle would be the least worrisome

A

submental

64
Q

what is found in the muscular triangle

A

muscles and thryoid gland

65
Q

what is found in the carotid triangle

A

carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular

66
Q

what is found in the submandibular triangle

A

salivary gland and hypoglossal nerve

67
Q

contraction of muscles within which compartment results in flexion of the fingers

A

anterior forearm

68
Q

what movement is elicited by muscles in the anterior forearm

A

pronation

69
Q

which nerve supplies motor innervation to most of the muscles in the forearm

A

median

70
Q

a patient presents with weakened wrist extension. the muscles of which compartment are affected

A

posterior forearm

71
Q

the muscles of the posterior forearm compartment contribute to what other movement

A

lateral deviation of wrist

72
Q

which nerve supplies motor innervation to muscles in the posterior forearm

A

radial nerve

73
Q

which region of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve arise from

A

posterior cord

74
Q

weak wrist and finger extension is a likely symptom with compression/lesion of the nerve where

A

at elbow or wrist region

75
Q

a 28 year old surfer presenter to his PCP with an anterior shoulder dislocation. His joint was reduced, but he later reported that he wasn’t able to flex his elbow joint as strongly as he used to. Which nerve might have been damaged when his shoulder dislocated

A

musculocutaneous nerve

76
Q

Which reflex test would interrogate the integrity of C5

A

bicep reflex

77
Q

patient reports slight numbness and tingling of left lateral forearm. neuropathy or radiculopathy?

A

neuropathy

78
Q

which branch of the brachial plexus is most susceptible to damage with a fracture of the humerus at the surgical neck

A

axillary

79
Q

which artery accompanies the axillary nerve

A

posterior circumflex humeral artery

80
Q

which structure marks the transition from subclavian to axillary artery

A

first rib

81
Q

which structure marks the transition from axillary to brachial artery

A

teres major

82
Q

a patient represents with a mass in the right supraclavicular fossa. physical exam suggests that the mass is an enlarged lymph node to an infection. what is the most likely location of the infection

A

right hand

83
Q

which muscles assist trapezius in scapular retraction

A

rhomboids

84
Q

which part of trapezius causes retraction

A

transverse fibers

85
Q

which muscle causes protraction of scapula

A

serrates anterior

86
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff

A

SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

87
Q

what is the collective function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

stabilize the glenohumeral joint

88
Q

what are the neurovascular supply of rotator cuff muscles

A

suprascapular nerve- suprspinatis and infraspinatus
axillary nerve- teres minor
upper and lower subscapular nerve- subscapular

89
Q

what muscles contributes to the adduction of the arm

A

latissimus dorsi

90
Q

which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal, from the posterior cord

AN 711 Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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