Block 1 Lecture Questions Flashcards
what are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the brain called
nuclei
what are the collections of axons in the PNS called
nerves
what type of nerve transmits tickle sensations
somatic afferent
what type of nerve signals the stomach to contract
visceral efferent
Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons located
lateral horn of spinal cord
what type of nerve fibers travel in a ventral root
somatic and visceral efferent
what type of nerve is the C5 root of the brachial plexus
ventral rami
why is the cauda equine longer than the conus medullaris
the vertebral column is longer than the spinal cord
where is CSF located
between arachnoid and pia
which meningeal layer gives rise to denticulate ligaments
pia
what type of cartilage makes up an intervertebral disc
fibrous
what other structure does the pia mater give rise to
film terminale internal and externum
what type of joint is an intervertebral disc
secondary cartilaginous
what movement most likely occurs at a hinge joint
flexion/extension
where else are secondary cartilaginous joints found
midline spine (IV joints), pubic symphysis, sternum
what is an example of a hinge joint
elbow, knee, interphalangeal, ankle
what bony feature is found on the posterior of the mandible
condyle
which movements are likely to occur at the condyle
biaxial movement
what type of axons travel in nerves that extend to the epidermis
somatic afferent
which type of information is conveyed in somatic axons
touch, vibration, temperature, and pain
where are the neuronal cell bodies located for somatic afferent
dorsal root ganglion
what type of nerve fiber supplies sweat glands
visceral efferent, sympathetic
where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent
lateral horn of spinal segments T1-L2
where are the postganglionic neuronal cell bodies located for visceral efferent
paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain)
what type of joint is the axio-appendicular joint of the upper limb
planar synovial
what type of joint connects most skull bones
fibrous joints
what is one exception of skull bone joints
the TMJ is a synovial joint
what is the function of a spinous process
muscle attachment
what is the difference between spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar region
cervical- bifid, more horizontal lumbar- short, broad, very horizontal
what restricts extension of the spine
anterior longitudinal ligament
what is the function of the nuchal ligament
prevents hyperflexion
what type of movements occurs at the IV joint
flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion
which muscle forms the superficial layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall
external oblique
what is the homologous muscle in the thorax
external intercostal
contraction of the anterior part of the left muscle produces what movement
contralateral rotation to the right
contraction of which muscle extends the spine
bilateral erector spinae
what movement does unilateral contraction produce
ipsilateral flexion/bending
what is the nerve supply for bilateral erector spinae
dorsal rami
what is the nerve supply for the external oblique
ventral rami
what other tissues do the dorsal rami supply
Intrinsic back muscles and the skin of the back
what is an intercostal nerve
ventral ramus
what nerve fiber types travel in an intercostal nerve
somatic efferent- to muscle
somatic afferent and postganglionic sympathetic- to skin
which muscle is located within the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
sternocleidomastoid
what are the action and innervation of the SCM
contralateral roation, lateral bending
accessory nerve and trapezius
which nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the posterior neck
dorsal rami
if the hyoid is depressed and fixed in place, which of the following is a suprahyoid muscle that will assist in depressing the mandible
digastric
which nerve innervates the digastric muscle
anterior belly- CN V
posterior belly- CNVII
if the hyoid muscles are not able to function what are the symptoms
neck tightness, speech difficulties, dysphagia
what does the visceral layer of the pre tracheal fascia enclose
esophagus, larynx, pharynx, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
the thyroid gland is located anterior to which structure
trachea
at which vertebral level is the hyoid bone located
C3
what is a palpable landmark that indicates the location of the airway
laryngeal prominence
between which two layers of fascia is located in the retropharyngeal/danger space
visceral layer of pre tracheal and pre vertebral
why is the danger space dangerous
it extends from the skull to diaphragm and infection can easily spread through this space
which nerves form the cervical plexus
ventral rami
which spinal cord segments contribute to the cervical plexus
C1-C4
which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck
dorsal rami
where are the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies located
lateral horn of spinal cord, upper thoracic region
which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise
subclavian
which lymph nodes are associated with the external jugular vein
superficial cervical
where do lymph nodes drain to after the superficial cervical
deep cervical node
where does lymph return to the venous system
venous angle
damage to which cervical triangle would be the least worrisome
submental
what is found in the muscular triangle
muscles and thryoid gland
what is found in the carotid triangle
carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular
what is found in the submandibular triangle
salivary gland and hypoglossal nerve
contraction of muscles within which compartment results in flexion of the fingers
anterior forearm
what movement is elicited by muscles in the anterior forearm
pronation
which nerve supplies motor innervation to most of the muscles in the forearm
median
a patient presents with weakened wrist extension. the muscles of which compartment are affected
posterior forearm
the muscles of the posterior forearm compartment contribute to what other movement
lateral deviation of wrist
which nerve supplies motor innervation to muscles in the posterior forearm
radial nerve
which region of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve arise from
posterior cord
weak wrist and finger extension is a likely symptom with compression/lesion of the nerve where
at elbow or wrist region
a 28 year old surfer presenter to his PCP with an anterior shoulder dislocation. His joint was reduced, but he later reported that he wasn’t able to flex his elbow joint as strongly as he used to. Which nerve might have been damaged when his shoulder dislocated
musculocutaneous nerve
Which reflex test would interrogate the integrity of C5
bicep reflex
patient reports slight numbness and tingling of left lateral forearm. neuropathy or radiculopathy?
neuropathy
which branch of the brachial plexus is most susceptible to damage with a fracture of the humerus at the surgical neck
axillary
which artery accompanies the axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery
which structure marks the transition from subclavian to axillary artery
first rib
which structure marks the transition from axillary to brachial artery
teres major
a patient represents with a mass in the right supraclavicular fossa. physical exam suggests that the mass is an enlarged lymph node to an infection. what is the most likely location of the infection
right hand
which muscles assist trapezius in scapular retraction
rhomboids
which part of trapezius causes retraction
transverse fibers
which muscle causes protraction of scapula
serrates anterior
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff
SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
what is the collective function of the rotator cuff muscles
stabilize the glenohumeral joint
what are the neurovascular supply of rotator cuff muscles
suprascapular nerve- suprspinatis and infraspinatus
axillary nerve- teres minor
upper and lower subscapular nerve- subscapular
what muscles contributes to the adduction of the arm
latissimus dorsi
which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal, from the posterior cord
