Block 1 Introduction

Question 1

Disease etiology & pathogenesis

Answer 1

V - vascular
I - infectious
T - toxic, metabolic, nutrition
A - autoimmune, immune
M - mechanical, environmental
I - iatrogenic, idiopathic
N - neoplastic
M - mental health
D - developmental, genetic

Question 2

Vascular causes

Answer 2

Impaired blood flow, inadequate oxygenation, decreased O2 carrying capacity

Question 3

Infectious causes

Answer 3

Bacteria (enzymes, toxin, abnormal immune response), virus (cytopathic effect, immune destruction, neoplastic transformation)

Question 4

Toxic, metabolic, nutritional causes

Answer 4

Toxin (drug, poison), metabolic (inborn error, hormone excess acid-base or electrolyte, liver/renal failure), nutrition

Question 5

Autoimmune, immune causes

Answer 5

Immune (immediate, cytotoxic, immune complex, delayed), autoimmune (humoral/cell-mediated), immunodeficiency (congenital, acquired)

Question 6

Mechanical, environmental causes

Answer 6

Compression of critical structure, obstruction, trauma, heat, cold, radiation

Question 7

Iatrogenic, idiopathic causes

Answer 7

Steroid therapy (Cushing’s syndrome), halothane (liver necrosis), chloramphenicol (aplastic anemia)

Question 8

Neoplastic causes

Answer 8

Local growth (compression of vital structure, ulceration, perforation, hemorrhage, inflammation), metastases, paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 9

Developmental, genetic causes

Answer 9

Malformations, single gene mutation, chromosomal abnormality