Block 1: Inheritance of disease : week 1

Question 1

what are the different chromosome structures in relation to the centromere?

Answer 1

Metacentric- The centromere is in the middle. The p and q arm are equal lengths
Submetacentric- The centromere is slighlty off
Acrocentric- the centromere is serverly off and the p arm is very short.

Question 2

what type of staining do chromosomes undergo?

Answer 2

Giemsa staining
or
flouresent staining

Question 3

what are the steps of meiosis and explain what happens at each step?

Answer 3

interphase
prophase 1- recombination
metaphase 1- chomosomes line on the equator, random assortment and crossing over occurs
anaphase 1- the chomosomes are pulled to either side
telophase1- two separate cells form
prophase 2- chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, if needed.
metaphase- chromosomes attach to spindle via their centrosomes
anaphase- chromtids are pulled to either side
telophase- new cellls formed

Question 4

what type of cells undergo meiosis to produces gametes?

Answer 4

germ cells

Question 5

difference between somatic and germline mutations.

Answer 5

Somatic mutations only effect that individual where as germline mutations effect the germ cells and can also be inherited.

Question 6

whats a missense mutation?

Answer 6

A missense muation results in a change in a DNA base pair, can result in another AA.

Question 7

whats a nonsense mutation?

Answer 7

Change in one DNA base which results in the formation of a stop codon.

Question 8

what is a insertion or deletion mutation?

Answer 8

An insertion is the addition of a new base and a deltion is the removal of the base. This can result in a frameshift.

Question 9

what is prevalance?

Answer 9

Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.

                      # of people in sample with characteristic Prevalence  =  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
                           Total # of people in sample

Question 10

what is incidence?

Answer 10

Incidence is a measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specified time period.