Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecular Charter > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conducted an expeiment that identified a “transforming factor” which turned avirulent bacteria into virulent

A

Fredrick Griffith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of bond is formed between nuceotides during polymerization of DNA by DNA polymerase?

A

Phosphodiester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA-B

DNA helicase

A

Opens helix (breaks H bonds) and binds primase to form primosome protein complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Removes the RNA Primer and replaces it with DNA, fills in the gap (only in prokaryotes!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many chromosomes are in a standard human egg?

A

23X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synthesis of RNA in bacterial cells

A

RNA Polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Promoter region of bacterial genes, transcription

A

Pribnow box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which RNA molecules is involved in the formation of the spliceosome which is used in eukaryotic RNA processing?

A

Small Nuclear RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non-coding nucleotide sequences

A

Intron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which protein/enzyme is responsible for adding the poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

A

Poly-A-polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of the enzyme which edits the apo-B mRNA so that a premature stop codon is produced?

A

Cytidine deaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which proteins/factors binds the GU-rich element beyond the cleavage site?

A

Cleavage stimulating factor F (CstF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Start Codon

A

AUG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA Primase

A

synthesizes RNA primer once on the leading strand and continuously on the lagging strand, this provides DNA polymerase III with a free 3’ -OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clamp proteins

A

Loads DNA polymerase III onto single-stranded DNA template, offloads DNA polymerase once it encounters double-stranded DNA. Tightly holds DNA polymerase onto the template for synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

synthesizes DNA strand (both leading and lagging) using a template and free 3’ -OH group

  • Synthesis of DNA 5’–>3’
  • Proofreading 3’–>5’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DNA ligase

A

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand together by creating a phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Topoisomerase

A

DNA and breaks a phosphodiester bond, cuts to remove supercoils and untangles DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Telomerase (eukaryotes only)

A

extends the 3’ end of the parent strand so that gaps on the ends of the daughter strand can be filled in

  • synthesizes DNA using an RNA template covalently bound to the protein
  • eukaryotic chromosome gets shorter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DNA-A

Initiator proteins

A

Binds to origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DNA-C

Helicase inhibitor

A

delivers helicase to DNA template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Single stranded binding protein (ssb)

A

binds to single stranded DNA in the replication bubble and prevents it from re-annealing or forming secondary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DNA polymerase II

A

Involved in repairing damaged DNA

-Exonuclease activity (proofreading) 3’–>5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

RNAseH and FEN-1

A

remove the RNA primer in eukaryotes

26
Q

leading strand

A

replicates toward the fork

27
Q

lagging strand

A

replicates away from the fork

28
Q

tRNA

A

brings AA to the ribosomes during translation

29
Q

U1 and U2 snRNP bind to

A

5’ splice junction and branch point

30
Q

U4/U6 snRNP and 5 snRNP binds to

A

U1 and U2 to form a loop

31
Q

U4….

A

dissociates forming the active spliceosome

32
Q

The enzymes and proteins that are responsible for mRNA modification are initially bound to?

A

RNA polymerase II

33
Q

What describes the linkage between the 7-methyl guanine cap and the first nucleotide of a eukaryote mRNA?

A

5’-5’ triphosphate bridge

34
Q

What binds to AAUAA?

A

CPSF

35
Q

What bind to the GU rich portion?

A

CstF

36
Q

What type of editing does cytidine deaminase do?

A

Converts C to U

37
Q

apo-B is edited by?

A

Cytidine deaminase

38
Q

How does RNA polymerase II read its substrate during transcription?

A

It reads the antisense strand in the 3’ to 5’ direction

39
Q

RNA polymerase I

A

synthesis of rRNA

40
Q

RNA polymerase II

A

synthesis of mRNA and some snRNAs

41
Q

RNA polymerase III

A

synthesis of tRNA and some snRNAs

42
Q

Which RNA encodes the AA sequence of a polypeptide?

A

mRNA

43
Q

Prokaryote Promotor

A

Pribnow box

44
Q

What ends bacterial transcription?

A

hairpin loop

45
Q

In prokaryotes, polymerase is combined with…

A

Sigma factor

46
Q

What does Rho do?

A

in prokaryotes during extrinsic termination of transcription, rho protein causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from DNA

47
Q

How many origins of replication are found in the genome of E. coli?

A

one

48
Q

What is required to first open a region of DNA at the ORI during DNA replication?

A

initiator proteins

49
Q

Without telomerase what will happen to eukaryotic chromosomes every time they’re replicated?

A

they will get shorter

50
Q

Which direction is DNA read by DNA polymerase?

A

3’–>5’

51
Q

How does telomerase work?

A

In eukaryotes only, it extends the 3’ end using an RNA template

52
Q

During DNA replication, what prevents re-annealling?

A

Single stranded binding proteins

53
Q

The nucleosome is made up of?

A

two molecules of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4

54
Q

Which scientists used bacteriophage as a tool to determine that DNA carries hereditary information?

A

Hershey and Chase

55
Q

What best describes the nucleosome core?

A

it is an octamer

56
Q

A-DNA

A

it is only found in the dehydrated state

57
Q

Avery, MacLeod & McCarty

A

DNA is the transforming factor

58
Q

Kills protein

A

Protease

59
Q

RNase

A

kills RNA

60
Q

DNase

A

lives

61
Q

Histone core composition?

A

Octamer: H2A, H3, H2B, H4; 2 molecules of each

Molecular Charter (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions