Block 1 Flashcards
Karposi Sarcoma
Cell type and tissue effected
Spindle cell tumour
Found in mucus membranes
What level is the Transthoracic plane?
T4/5
Angle of louis is found where and marks what within mediatinum
T4/5
Superior and inferior
Also level of corina, aoritc arch, thoracic duct moves from R –> L and loops of the laryngeal nerve
Iron deficient anaemia biochemical markings
Low MCV, low ferritin, high Transferrin
Anaemia of chronic disease biochem markings
Normal MCV, high ferritin, low Transferrin
How does ketoconazole work?
Stops lanosterol being made in to ergosterol (component for wall membranes)
Blocks cytochrome p450 enzyme 14Ademethylase
Griseofulvin - how does it work?
Targets microtubulus and prevents mitosis
Amphotericin B and Nystatin act how
impair cell membrane by making a complex with ergosterol (found in the walls)
Flucytosine - acts how
inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis
Saliva, a mostly serous fluid, is made where
Submandibular glands
What does Hartmanns contain?
Sodium 131, Potassium 5, Cl 112, Calcium 2 and lactate 28. (not glucose)
Calots triangle
What is it and where is it found?
Cystohepatic triangle made up of cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver
Contains
R hepatic artery, cystic artery, cystic lymph tissue, lymph tissue
What is Hartmanns pouch?
Found between gallbladder neck and cystic duct
In thoracic outlet syndrome - compression is found where?
Pain is found where?
C8 and T1
Ulner aspect pain
What does cubital tunnel syndrome compress and where does the compression happen?
Median nerve at the medial epicondyle
Erbs palsy - which nerve roots affected
C5/6
Klumpkes - damage is where on the brachial plexus
Lower. paralysis of hand muscles from damage to C8 and T1
Complication of progesterone only oral contraceptives - can develop a polyp
Endocervical polyp - micrograndular hyperplasia.
Commonest thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma - commonest at 80%, Females 35- 40, strong link to childhood radiation,
Mets to cervica lymph nodes
Opioids act on which receptors in CNS and the Gut
U
In the carotid wave - Tricuspid stenosis gives what shape
Slow y descent
Scale of splenic injury (1 - 3 and shattered)
<1cm
1-3cm
>3cm
Shattered
Also note other parameters exist
What is the blood supply to the breasts
Lateral thoracic artery and internal mammary artery
what are the mammogram views
Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique
Foregut - anatomy markings
Mouth to inferior of major duodenal papillae
What is Eisenmongers syndrome?
Long standing L –> R shunt, VSD and ASD
Midline neck swelling - what could it be?
Thyroglossal Cysts / neoplasms Pharyngeal pouches plunging ranulae subhyoid bursae laryngoceles thyroid isthmus
Facial nerve - buccal
Can be damaged in which surgeries?
Parotid, middle ear and temporal bone surgeries
What is glue ear
Otitis Media with effusion
assocaited with large adenoids
Which IBD disease is associated with Glasstones and kidney stones
Crohns
Crohns ROCKS
IBD - describe the microscopic differences
UC - mucosal and submucosal inflammation
Crohns - deeper with transmural
List some of the extraintestinal findings in UC
UC - PSC, arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, uveitis, episcleritis
What happens to heart r, resp rateate and blood pressure in raised intracranial pressure?
Cushings
hypertensive, bradycardic and reduced rr
What is Empty-sella syndrome
Pituitary normally sits in the sella turica - syndrome if its not seen on imaging
Myocardial blood flow is increased or decreased by pain and vasopressin
REDUCED
Anatomy of the lesser sac - what are the anterior relations
Visceral periotneum, gastrocolic omentum and lesser omentum
Obturator hernia - develops pain where
medial thigh due to comperession on the nerve - common if patients lose weight quickly
Briefly describe arterial ulcers
Deep punched painful pressure areas
what does Cryopercipitate contain
Fibrinogen, factor VIII and VWF
Melanossis Coli - what picture does this give in bowel
brown discolouration on the wall of the sigmoid in a moire pattern
ACL tea more common in men or women
Women due to the angle of the legs
