30/8/19 49% Flashcards
In preventing heat loss what effect does noradrenergic sympathetic stimulation have?
Vascoconstricts extremeties and dialtes core
What does COX - 1 do?
an enzyme integral to production of prostaglandins which stimulate mucous secretion from stomach which protects the lining.
how does aspirin work?
prevents oxydation of LDL which progresses atherosclerosis.
Invasive breast cancer - node clearance to hwat level?>
inferolateral to and behind pectoralis minor (level 2)
how many levels of axillary node clearance are there and where are they?
3
inferolateral to mec minor
posterior to pec minor
superomedial to pec minor
In a blood gas how to spot difference between renal failure and DKA?
Lok to the potassium
DKA it would go down
renal failure would go up
what happens to compliance in emphysema? What is the mechanics of this/
increases compliance.
a change in pressure elicits a larger change in volume than in non emphysema lungs, but airways collapse on exhalation as not well supported - causes air trapping and hyperinflation
fixation of testes when testis viable
Both testes should be invaginated in the tunica vaginalis and sutured to the midline septum with non absorbable sutures.
sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which IBD?
UC
What joint carries the weight and movement in rotating the head
atlantoaxial joint through the odontoid process of the axis
Type of cell death in ischaemia / infarction
Coagulative necrosis. Liquefaction comes days later.
post splenectomy - risk of which bacteria
encapsulated bacteria
peumococcal infection
which metastasises more? SCC or BCC
SCC more commonly than BCC
In a stroke when can macular / central field sparing occur?
if occipital pole remains intact through dual blood supply from branch of the MCA
risk factors for varicose veins?
hx of DVT female age prolonged standing leg trauma, pregnancy smoking COCP FHx Obesity
