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PPS 939 > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Obese Class I BMI

A

30-35

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2
Q

Obese Class II BMI

A

35-40

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3
Q

Obese Class III BMI

A

greater than/equal to 40

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4
Q

F to C conversion

A

C = 5/9 (F-32)

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5
Q

Normal adult RR:

A

12-20

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6
Q

Normal adult 12+ radial pulse:

A

60-100

athletes 50-60

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7
Q

Normal BP reading

A

120 and 80

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8
Q

Pre-HTN reading

A

120-139 OR 80-89

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9
Q

Stage I HTN reading

A

140-159 or 80-89

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10
Q

Stage II HTN reading

A

160+ or 100+

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11
Q

JNC-8 BP GoT for hypertensive patient less than 60

A

140/90

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12
Q

JNC-8 BP GoT for hypertensive patient 60+

A

150/90

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13
Q

JNC-8 BP GoT for hypertensive patient with DM

A

140/90

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14
Q

JNC-8 BP GoT for hypertensive patient with CKD

A

140/90

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15
Q

ADA BP GoT for hypertensive patients

A

140/80 with DM

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16
Q

KDIGO BP GoT for hypertensive patients

A

CKD w/ albuminuria less than 30 mg/day
– 140/90
CKD w/ albuminuria 30+ mg/day
– 130/80

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17
Q

ACCF/AHA BP GoT for hypertensive patients:

A

140/90 for 60+

13/80 for HF w/ preserved or reduced EF

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18
Q

ASH/ISH BP GoT for hypertensive patients:

A

140/90 for 60+

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19
Q

What does KDIGO stand for?

A

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes

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20
Q

What does JNC-8 stand for?

A

8th Joint National Committee

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21
Q

What does ACCF stand for?

A

American College of Cardiology Foundation

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22
Q

What does ASH/ISH stand for?

A

ASH: American Society of Hypertension
ISH: Intl Society of HTN

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23
Q

Downfalls of JNC-8:

A
    • only considered studies w/ mortality outcomes

- - not endorsed by NHLBI or AHA

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24
Q

Why does ADA recommend a lower diastolic BP GoT?

A

reduced nephropathy, hospitalizations, and lengths of stay

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25
Q

How many lobes in right/left lungs?

A 
Right = 3
Left = 2
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26
Q

What are discontinuous adventitious breath sounds?

A

crackles (rales)

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27
Q

What are continuous adventitious breath sounds?

A

wheezes
rhonchi
friction rub

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28
Q

What is bronchophony?

A

loud and clear sounds heard on auscultation of patient saying “99”
– should be muffled
= lung consolidation

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29
Q

What is pectoriloquy?

A

loud and clear sounds heard on auscultation of patient saying “99”
– should be faint
= lung consolidation

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30
Q

What is egophony?

A

“A” sound heard when patient says “eee”
– should hear long muffled E
= lung consolidation

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31
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

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32
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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33
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

same as orthopnea but happens only at night

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34
Q

What muscles are involved in the tripod position?

A

trapezius
scalenus
sternomastoid

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35
Q

What is clubbing?

A

big ole fingernails

36
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

37
Q

CCE

A

cyanosis, clubbing, and edema

38
Q

BS

A

breath sounds

39
Q

NAD

A

No acute distress; no apparent disease

40
Q

VS

A

vital signs

41
Q

VSS

A

vital signs stable

42
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

43
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation

44
Q

SCM

A

sternocleidomastoid

45
Q

SHEENT:

A

skin, HEENT

46
Q

AC

A

air conduction

47
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation

48
Q

E –≥ A

A

egophony

49
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

50
Q

pectus carinatum

A

chest protrusion

51
Q

pectus excavatum

A

chest indentation

52
Q

Abnormal findings on percussion would include:

A

1) hyperresonance (overinflation, COPD)

2) tympanic (no lung tissue, pneumothorax)

53
Q

When would sounds be absent upon auscultation?

A

pneumothorax

54
Q

When would sounds be diminished upon auscultation?

A

shallow breathing, hyperinflation, or pleural disease

55
Q

Asthma findings:

A
    • dry cough during exercise or early am (2-6 am when lungs at lowest VC)
    • expiratory wheezing
    • atopic dermatitis/allergic rhinitis (?)
    • chest tightness
56
Q

Emphysema findings:

A

1) ok peripheral O2
2) tripod position but may be barrel chested
3) prolonged expiration

57
Q

Chronic bronchitis findings:

A

1) barrel chest
2) sputum production via cough
3) bad peripheral O2

58
Q

What is normal O2 sat in COPD?

A

92-94%

59
Q

Bacterial pneumonia findings:

A

1) coughing, yellow/brown/bloody mucous, fever/chills, malaise, tachycardia
2) increased fremitus on infected side; dull to percussion
3) crackles, wheezing

60
Q

Acute bronchitis findings:

A

1) 1-3 weeks after viral URI
2) green mucous, low fever
3) expiratory wheezes

61
Q

TB findings:

A

1) dry cough worse at night

2) close quarters in endemic areas

62
Q

Lung cancer findings:

A

1) dry cough
2) weight loss
3) smoker

63
Q

GERD findings

A

1) dry cough within 1 hr of lying down

2) improvement with antacid

64
Q

Drug-induced cough

A

1) dry and mild
2) days-year onset
3) cough drugs don’t help

65
Q

Pertussis findings:

A

1) dry cough w/ sudden onset for up to 8 weeks and worse at night
2) vomiting
3) trouble breathing after coughing

66
Q

Upper airway cough syndrome (post-nasal drip) findings:

A

1) dry and nonproductive during day
2) productive at night and most notable within 1 hr of lying down
3) recent viral URI

67
Q

Post-infectious cough syndrome findings:

A

2-8 weeks after viral infection due to bronchial hypersensitivity

68
Q

Influenza/viral pneumonia findings:

A 
abrupt onset
severe symptoms (fever/chills, malaise, myalgia)
69
Q

CHF findings:

A

1) pulmonary edema + cardiac hypertrophy
2) dry cough but productive w/ edema
3) occurs 2-4 hr after lying down
4) sleeping with pillow helps

70
Q

Atypical pneumonia findings:

A

1) productive cough develops over days-weeks
2) fever, malaise, pains, GI
3) cough drugs don’t help
4) crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, infiltrates

71
Q

Respiratory distress findings:

A

tachypnea, tachycardia
tripod
cyanosis, clubbing

72
Q

List methods for taking temp:

A

1) oral
2) rectal
3) axillary
4) tympanic

73
Q

Compare rectal, axillary, and tympanic to oral temp readings.

A

rectal: +0.7-0.9 F
axillary: 1+ F
tympanic: 1.4+ F

74
Q

How long for oral temp measurement?

A

3-5 minutes under tongue

75
Q

How long for axillary temp measurement?

A

kids: 5 min
adults: 10 min

76
Q

How long for tympanic temp measurement:

A

2-3 seconds if free of earwax

77
Q

How long for rectal temp measurement?

A

3 mins

78
Q

What temp = fever?

A

100.4+

79
Q

Fever symptoms when 104+

A

seizures, coma

80
Q

Fever symptoms when 106+

A

brain death

81
Q

hyperthermia:

A

increase in body temp over set point

82
Q

hypothermia:

A

decrease in body temp under set point (95 F or below)

83
Q

hyperpyrexia:

A

excessive and unusual elevation in set temp (106+)

84
Q

What are the types of sphygmomanometers?

A

1) aneroid
2) Hg (gold standard)
3) electronic

85
Q

What defines orthostasis?

A

if BP drops 30-60s after standing…
– sys 20+ mmHg
– dia 10+ mmHg
and confirmed when repeated after 1 minute

PPS 939 (4 decks)

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