blender Flashcards
press the button that focuses in on an object
. next to the zero
press the button the button that brings the view menu
`, key under the esc key
what happens when you click g+ scroll with the proportional editing tool on
the area the proportional editing tool effects gets bigger or smaller
How do you get an object to look smooth
go into object mode right click and select shade smooth or shade flat or apply a sub surface modifier: go to modifiers apply subdivision surface
how do you duplicate and separate
shift D
how do you make something made in edit mode into it’s own object
p
How do you select an entire mesh based on one vertex
Ctrl +L
what modifier gives thickness to any mesh
solidify
What key do you press for select all, for deselect
A,
Alt A
What keys do you press to select the entire loop of the edge
Alt +left click
How do you invert the selection
ctrl I
How do you hide something, unhide, and what is hiding used for
H, Alt H, and hide is used so you don’t effect certain things with the proportional editing tool
What do you do if you want one mesh to sit on top of another without going through
go to snap to, click face, and click project individual elements so it applies to all the vertices
in the solidify modifier how do you make it hug the mesh underneath?
click crease
What happens if you are in sculpt mode,draw, and click ctrl?
It pushes in instead of pulling out
In sculpt and weight paint mode, what does Shift F do
Controls the strength
In sculpt and weight paint mode, what does F do
controls the radius/” size of the affected area”
in sculpt mode what does the draw tool do?
either pull out or push in
In sculpt mode what does the inflate tool do
inflate the mesh
in sculpt mode what does the grab tool do
grabs the vertex and pulls it in whatever direction you pull in
what key do you press to show the menu to switch between material, wireframe and rendered
z
How do you move the 3d cursor
Shift right click, or shift c
What key do you press to put the 3d cursor in the center of the grid
Shift C
How do you parent an object
First click on the object that is supposed to be the CHILD , then the parent then press Ctrl P
where do you have to go to change the settings for the light
the light object and the “lightbulb” on the side menu
What are the 2 main engines in blender, where can you change them and what are they used for
Eevee and cycles, 2nd menu from the top between the screwdriver and printer, eevee(a real time rendering engine) renders very fast but requires alot of customization, cycles is an unbiases rendering engine so it calculates light more realistically but takes much longer to render and is also very grainy
How do you get the camera to move with your view
go to view, view lock lock camera to view
How do you change the camera view to what you are already looking at
ctrl alt 0(number pad)
What should you change if the light is too harsh
move the light farther away and change the power
what material settings do you change the most often
the base color
roughness
normal
what does the roughness material setting change
How reflective the material is. if the roughness is high it looks like chalk if its low it looks very shiny and reflective
what things are subsurface scattering used for
Human skin, food and some natural materials
How do you split the view
go up to the border, make sure there is a double sided arrow. to undo this reclick and select join areas and drag the area you want to keep to the area you want to get rid of.
how do you tell if the colors are overexposed
go to render properties(the radio)> color management > view transform>false color
how do you reduce noise in render
go to scene properties> sampling> double the number under blender
what can you use after a render
nodes in the compositing tab
What are particle instances
duplicate an object thousands of times on top of another object many time.
where is the particle panel
the square with the glowing corner
What are the 2 types of particles
Emitter(Animated) and hair (static)
How do you reference an object or collection for particle instance
go under particle panel, go under render, change path to object(or collection), use eyedropper to click object
If you want to randomize rotation in an particle instance where do you go
Under advanced setting , check rotation, turn up randomize if you need them to stay flat randomize phase if you want them to stay flat.
what does phase under particle rotation do?
Changes the direction of the object
what keys let you bring up a pie menu with the different modes
Ctrl+Tab
In weight paint mode, what does it mean if an area is blue
It’s value is 0
In weight paint mode, what does it mean if an area is red
It’s value is 1
what does weight paint do
Using weight paint will allow you to determine how much of an effect something has, like the are for particle instances
How do you apply weight paint to a particle instance
go under particle properties>vertex groups>density>group
if particles are slowing down blender what do you do?
click the monitor by the particle under particle properties
In weight paint what is the weight setting
effects what weight you’re applying
How to make a particle instance of an object multicolored.
Add a material to the object, go under shading, add> input> object info, connect random to base color, add> converter>ColorRamp. Drop inbetween objt info and principle shader. change color ramp to linear, and keep adding points to the graph until you get it looking the way you want
How does the box in the lower shading view relate to the side bar
The properties are the same but you use the node if you wan to get advanced
What do nodes actually do?
referencing value in another place, every time that value needs to be used it will generate it randomly
what is the short cut for creating a loop cut
ctrl +R
What how do you increase the number of loops when using loop cuts
scroll wheel
How do you control the number of occurrences of a single object in a particle instance that uses a collection
Go under particle, render, collection, use count, increase number of everything else
How do you know you are missing a texture?
If the mesh is purple in texture paint
How do you start texturing
go to texture paint ,click new add size and add a name.,go to shading tab, add>texture>image texture. Replace base color with an image in shading tab using notes.
How do you set an image as a base color,
add> texture> image texture
How do you add a texture
go to texture paint, make new texture, add to object using nodes, go to side bar of texture paint and select new texture mask, go to texture on normal sidebar, select brush mask texture, change type to what is needed, change mapping to random(optional)
How do you begin procedural texturing
Go to shading, add»texture>noise texture
If a texture looks like it is streched in the wrong way, what is the best way to fix that
add>input>texture coordinate, attach object to vector
how do you use a “real” bump map
Add>vector>displacement, connect fac of noise texture to height, connect displacement to the displacement of the material out put, ctrl shift click main shader. material panel>settings> displacement>displacement and bump and bump
If the texture paintbrush won’t show up what should you do
go to the shading tab and click the texture node,
Wow can you get both small texture and large texture
Duplicate the texture plug in the right connections and change the scale
How do you combine two textures
Add>color>Mix RGB, connect fac to color, change mix to add
In the MixRGB shader which node is controlled by which ?
the fac always refers to the second input
What does the emission property do
Make the object glow, or saturated
How do keep a solidiy modifier from making holes in meshes when you use extrude
Apply the modifier before you extrude
What does the spin tool do
Extrudes the face while rotating it
How do you add fill to a circle
When you first make it you have to change the fill type to ngon or triangle fan
How do you make thing things opaque for modeling
alt z
How do you make something look like glass
Turn up the transmission to 1 in the material, turn on screen space reflections in rendering and materials
How do you copy material from one object to another
select unmaterialed first, shift select material you want to copy, ctrl L, and select materials
How do you apply current scale, rotation, or transform
ctrl A
How do you stop an object from being selected
go to filter, and click the arrow
How do you change the aspect ratio of the camera
go to the printer and look at format>resolution
What does the focal length change
It can change the camera to a fish eye lens or zoom
How do you change the scale of the material that’s being applied to it from a material shader level
select image node ,ctrl T, so to scale in the mapping tab and click scale, drag down,
What you change to affect the color under the texture
subsurface
How do get the texture of a material but not the color
drag in a normal map to the node editor, connect color to normal, add vector>normal map, change color space to non colored
how do you edit 2 objects at once
select both using shift, then tab
How do you change the color of the background in render mode?
Go to world properties and change the color
How do you change the focus of the camera
select camera, camera tab, select depth of field, use eyedropper, adjust F-stop
What does F-stop do?
the higher the f-stop value the more in focus everything is (shallower depth of field), and the lower the F-stop value is the more out of focus everything is ,(deeper depth of field)
How to you bring up a pie menu to move 3d cursor
Shift s
How do you make sure a particular area is in focus
add an empty sphere ad set it as the object of focus
how do you change the darkness of an entire texture
Place a RGB curves nodes in between the texture and the principle BSDF, drag the line on the graph down
How do you change the saturation after it already on the object
add a hue saturation in between the texture and principle shader.
How do you change the spacing of your animations
in the graph editor, normalize
How do you change the color of the scene
change the color of the light
How do you do film color grading
compositing tab, add>color>color balance, or
go to color management and change “look”
How should you save an animation before rendering
save each frame as a png. set frame end to end of animation. go to output settings(the printer) and go to fileformat. Make a new folder where the pngs go.
How do you play a rendered animation
open new file in blender, go to the plus at the end pf the workspaces and click video editing,add>image sequence, reset aspect ratio, and set color management to standard,change file format to FFMpeg, click render animation
What are the 5 elements of good lighting
direction,size, readability,color, and emphasis
What is the worst place to put the light (with rare exeptions)
In front of the subjects, right behind the camera, the exceptions are when the you want to see the details of something flat like a a pattern of clothing or a tatoo
What is paramount/butterfly lighting and why is it good?
above but about a foot in front of the subject’s face. It creates just enough shadows below the nose, lips and neck, but very little around the eyes, be careful not to place the light to close to the face or it will cast harsh shadows on the eyes,
What are some exceptions to the having the light to close to the face.
if you are trying to be scary, or if the environment and atmosphere calls for it, but you should still use a soft light so you can see the eyes
What is split lighting
lighting up half the face
What is flashlight lighting
lighting coming from underneath, like telling stories around a campfire
What is neutral light
a light from the top left hand corner
What is Rembrandt lighting
the lit triangle on the cheek
What is the most important thing to remember about lighting an environment
Lighting informs composition because light tells you where to focus
What are the shadows created by a small light source like?
The shadows created by a small light are sharp
What are the shadows created by a large light source like?
The shadows created by a large light source are soft , this is because the light wraps around the object more and reaches further , this is in relation to the distance from the object and light source
What happens if you keep a light source the same size but move it back a lot and increase the power
The shadow gets much sharper,
same size , different distance
What happens If you use a smaller light source on something detailed (like a rock)
It highlights the details because the are casting shadows, if you use a farther more powerful light source, it will add light to those little spaces, and blend them together
What kind a of light should you use to light humans
a Larger, farther light source. a sharper light highlight pimples, lines , and other undesirable details,
but make sure it’s not too large ,or detail will get erased away completely and forms will be harder to understand, and the face will start to look less human and more doll like
When do movies use soft vs hard lighting
Most of the time movies will use soft lighting even if it’s not in the the environment for the scene , like a police station. However they may use harder lighting to emphasize mystery or emotions on the face like the furrowing of the brow in anger
What do pro photographers have that 3d arists don’t
soft boxes, this their big lights are softer and exist in a gradient rather than one huge solid light
How do you create a gradient light source in blender
add emission shader ,colorRamp,gradient texture> sphereical, texture coordinater> object to vector, ad gray close to white in color ramp
What are the 2 different kinds of light spectrums for lighting
Natural and artificial
Natrual is the colors of light you will find in the real world, the color of the sun and the color of the sky)
What are natural colors
Natrual is the colors of light you will find in the real world, the color of the sun and the color of the sky) represented by the kelvin blackbody scale
fire>sunset>noon sun>overcast sky,>blue sky
What the golden hour
1 hour before sunset, or 1 hour after sunrise
What is the blue hour
1 hour AFTER sunnset, or 1 hour BEFORE sunrise,the opposite of golden hour. mostly used for architecture, because it equalizes exposure for exterior and interior lights meaning the brightness of the interior lights matches the exterior.
What is artificial light used for?
to suggest location, like cities with man made lights, or symbolism
What is one technique for creating contrast in lighting?
add to different likes of opposite colors on oppisite sides of the subject. this can also be a lamp in the back opposite to paramount lighting
read ability of a light object
good amount of light and object separation
what is object separation
helping people see the separation between objects as
well as helping people see the separation between objects and the background, rim lighting is a big part of this
What should you be careful with rim lighting
be careful that lighting doesn’t look to staged and artificial. people don’t always have perfect lighting in real life.
what is rim lighting
giving a subject a highlight so no part of it fades into and becomes indistinguishable from the back ground
If you have false color on to check the exposure, what color should you aim for?
mostly grey, with maybe some green, and maybe a little blue. make sure the green you go for isn’t yellow green
What is fill light.
adding light to bring the darkest values just a little brighter. add a second light , make it bigger so it covers more
Why would you leave the main light white, but add color to a backlight
so the backlight is distinct from the main light, makes the image more readable.
What is emphasis
using contrast to guide the viewer
If you double the distance between a subject that is close to a light source then what is the light falloff?
75%, but this will decrease as it moves farther away, move it the same distance and it will be 89% from where it started, 14 units away from 75. double it again and it’s 94, 5 units away from 89.
if you bring light closer to a subject(and turn down intensity) the more falloff, the more emphasis
what is implied lighting
shadows casted by a subject not actually in the shot,
How to you get an object to recognize a second material?
click the new material, Go into edit mode, select the parts you want apply it to and
How do you rig a character
Add>armature, go to viewport display> in front, place the armature in the middle of the hips, extrude for bones in the bottom of the chest, chest , neck, and head, add another armature for the shoulders, arms and hand, do the same for the legs,
differentiate name of left bones from right,
add constraint bone behind the foot, the elbow , in front of the knee, as far away as it needs to move , and a bone occupying the same space as the hand(make sure the constraints are horizontal), add a master controller bone at the base,
parent the elbow constraint to the shoulder bone, keep offset. parent knee constraint to the the foot constraint., scale up the hips
parent upper leg to hips bone, parent shoulder bones to chest bone
parent the leg controller, the hand controller, and the hip controller to the master base
go to pose mode, add bone constraint, inverse kinematics, choose bone, chain length, pole target> armature> knee constraint, pole angle 90°. same for arm elbow 180, add copy rotation modifier for the hand, hand control , and foot
go to chest and neck, uncheck inherit rotations
change both world spaces to local space with parent, uncheck deform on all control bones in bone settings change elbow pose angle to 0,
parent character to rig, and select with automatic weights.
How do you set your character back to default position
pose mode, select all bones alt R, alt G.
How do you get emitted particles to go forward instead of downward.
Go to field weights under particle settings and turn the gravity down
how do you “blow away” particles at a faster rate
put a force behind the particles and increase the strength.
How do you make a force pull particles
set strength to negative
What does the boolean(difference) modifier do?
cuts out the shape of a overlapping object
What does the boolean(union) modifier do?
combines 2 meshes
What does the boolean(intersect) modifier do?
creates a new mesh from overlapping parts of mesh w/ mod and the target mesh.
