Bleeds

Question 1

SS of chronic subdural haematoma

Answer 1

Symptoms over weeks
Vomiting
Headaches
Personality changes
Symptoms may fluctuate
Memory disturbances
Loss of consciousness

Question 2

SS of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 2

Sudden onset severe headache - ‘thunderclap’ or hit on back of head with baseball bat

Vomiting

Meningism

Question 3

Most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 3

Rupture of berry aneurysm is the most common cause, rarer cause is traumatic head injury

Question 3

What is the purpose of a bridging vein?

Answer 3

To drain blood from the brains surface into the dural sinus’

Question 4

Most common cause of acute subdural haemorrhage

Answer 4

Traumatic brain injury

Question 5

SS of acute subdural haemorrhage

Answer 5

Immediate/ delayed LOC

Question 5

Cause of extradural heamorrhage

Answer 5

Rupture of one of the meningeal arteries (run under the skull and over the dura)

Question 6

SS of extradural haemorrhage

Answer 6

Trauma in younger patients
Lucid period (rapid deterioration several hours after injury)

Question 7

Symptoms of a CVA

Answer 7

Sudden onset unilateral weakness
Speech disturbance
Visual disturbance
Above symptoms do not resolve in under 24h