Bleeding and Thrombosis Flashcards
What factors help you clot?
platelets
von willebrand factor
coagulation factors
platelets role in haemostasis
adhere, activation, aggregation
they provide a phospholipid surface for coagulation
main 3 elements of haemostasis
primary haemostasis (platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion, vasoconstriction)
blood coagulation (fibrin formation, fibrin cross-linking)
fibrinolysis
thrombus
clot arising in the wrong place
thromboembolism
movement of clot along a vessel
Virchow’s triad
the 3 main factors in thrombosis
stasis
hyper coagulability
vessel damage
what kind of thrombus is secondary to atherosclerosis?
arterial thrombus
examples of arterial thromboembolism
coronary thrombosis (MI, unstable angina)
Cerebrovascular thromboembolism (stroke, transient ischaemia)
peripheral embolism (limb ischaemia)
risk factors for arterial thrombosis
age
smoking
sedentary lifestyle
hypertension
diabetes
obesity
hypercholsterolaemia
red and white thrombus
red is venous (red cells and fibrin)
white is arterial (platelets and fibrin)
what kind of thrombus is mostly due to stasis and hypercoagulability?
venous thrombus
2 main types of venous thromboembolism
DVT
PE
A persons stasis/ hypercoaguability can be increased by
increasing age
pregnancy
hormonal therapy (COCP, HRT)
surgery
obesity
FH
pretest probability score for venous thrombosis:
wells score
geneva score
Anti-coagulant drugs
low molecular weight heparin
warfarin
what is heritable thrombophilia?
an inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis
when does DIC occur?
septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia
gangrene
organ failure
what is DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
where small clots form in vessels around the body (blocking vessels)
