Bleeding Flashcards
What i the definition of shock
A clinical syndrome where tissue perfusion and oxygenation is inadequate to maintain normal metabolic function
Describe hypovolaemic shock
Shock which involves a haemohhrage. Involves a burn/sweat
Describe cardiogenic shock
Heart pump fails
Describe septic shock
Fluid distribution
Describe spinal shock
Loss of vascular tone
Describe anaphylactic shock
A combination of 2 or more different types of shock
How would you give emergency treatment to someone in shock?? ABCDE
Airway control with c spine control Breathing with oxygenation Circulation with haemorrhage control Disability Exposure
Define haemostasis
The stopping of the flow of blood
WHat 2 pathways are involved?
Extrinsic and instrinsic
What triggers the extrinsic pathway?
Damaged tissues - trauma to tissues
What triggers the intrinsic pathway?
Activated platelets - trauma to actual blood itself
What occurs before the intrinsic/extrinsic pathways?
Vascular system
Describe the vascular system
Endothelial cells stop secreting coagulationand aggregation inhibitiors and secrete von willebrand facotr. VWF binds to factor 8, causing platelet adherance during initial clotting
Describe the extrinsic pathway
Factor 12 activates factor 10 and prothrombin.
Describe the intrinsic pathway
Factor 12 is activated by collagen, which leads to the activation of factor 8 9 10 11 and prothrombin
Describe the final common pathway of haemostasis
Factor XA converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Factor 8 cross links the thrombin polymer to consolidate the thymus
What regulates haemostasis and prevents blood clotting?
Thrombomodulin which bind to thrombin to prevent coagulation and activates protein C which inactivates cofactor VA and VIIIa
Where iss EPO produced
kidney
What do platelets adhere to when a vessel is damaged?
Exposed collagen on the damaged vessel wall
Name an anticoagulant preservative
sodium citrate
