BLCWI Rationale Flashcards
Dicloxacillin is active against:
a. Staphylococci
b. Enterococci
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Staphylococci
Acid stable penicillin
a. Dicloxacillin
b. Penicillin G
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Dicloxacillin
Acid-stable penicillin:
- Dicloxacillin
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
Adverse effect of hypoprothrombinemia is associated with:
a. Cefotetan
b. Cefepime
c. Cefuroxime
d. Ceftriaxone
a. Cefotetan
Bleeding disorders/Hypoprothrombinemia:
- Cefamandole
- Cefmetadole
- Cefoperazone
- Cefotetan
Which can be used to treat metallo beta-lactamase producing bacteria?
a. Ceftolozane-tazobactam
b. Ceftazidime-avibactam
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
True or False:
Beta-lactamase inhibitors can be combined with penicillins or cephalosporins.
True
This may cause myopathy prompting creatine phosphokinase monitoring:
a. Daptomycin
b. Cycloserine
c. Clindamycin
d. Vancomycin
e. Flucytosine
a. Daptomycin
Cycloserine - TB
Clindamycin - Skin and soft-tissue infection against Streptococci & Staphylococci
Vancomycin - Red Man syndrome
Flucytosine - Thrombocytopenia
Aztreonam has activity against:
a. Aerobic gram-negative bacteria
b. P. aeruginosa
c. both
d. neither
c. both
True or False:
Penicillins are excreted into sputum.
True
Penicillin is also excreted into sputum and breast milk to levels 3–15% of those in the serum.
Oxacillin is active against:
a. Streptococci
b. Staphylococci
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Staphylococci
The only first generation parenteral cephalosporin:
a. Cefazolin
b. Cefotetan
c. Ceftaroline
d. Cefuroxime
a. Cefazolin
Acid stable penicillin:
a. Oxacillin
b. Ampicillin
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Ampicillin
Acid-stable penicillin:
- Dicloxacillin
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
This may cause allergic pneumonitis in prolonged treatment:
a. Daptomycin
b. Amoxicillin
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Daptomycin
Daptomycin cause an allergic pneumonitis in patients receiving prolonged therapy (>2 weeks)
Drug active against Pseudomonas:
a. Ampicillin
b. Vancomycin
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
Ampicillin - DOC for Shigella
Vancomycin - Creatinine clearance
Which can cross the Blood Brain Barrier:
a. Tetracycline
b. Vancomycin
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Vancomycin
The only fourth generation parenteral drug:
a. Cefepime
b. Cefotetan
c. Ceftaroline
d. Cefuroxime
a. Cefepime
Which can be used to treat extended spectrum Beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae:
a. Ceftolozane-tazobactam
b. Ceftazidime-avibactam
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Their coverage are:
- Gr(-)
- P. aeruginosa
- Extended spectrum Beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae:
Which is resisted by Listeria monocytogenes infection:
a. Penicillin G
b. Ivermectin
c. Diethylcarbamazine
d. Bithionol
e. Praziquantel
a. Penicillin G
Bacteria Resistant to Penicillins Resistant to Staphylococcal Beta-Lactamase:
● Listeria monocytogenes
● Enterococci
● Methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci
Second generation cephalosporin which crosses the Blood Brain barrier:
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefotetan
c. Ceftaroline
d. Cefepime
a. Cefuroxime
Glycopeptide which associated with the adverse reaction of infusion related flushing:
a. Vancomycin
b. Teicoplanin
c. Telavancin
d. Dalbavancin
e. Oritavancin
a. Vancomycin
Among the more common reactions to vancomycin is the so-called “red man” syndrome. This infusion-related flushing is caused by release of histamine.
Nafcillin is active against:
a. Staphylococci
b. Enterococci
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Staphylococci
This may cause psychosis and convulsion at high doses:
a. Cycloserine
b. Bacitracin
c. Daptomycin
d. Fosfomycin
a. Cycloserine
Bacitracin - Nephrotoxic
Daptomycin - Allergic pneumonitis
Fosfomycin - UTI
Which can be used to treat anaerobic infection:
a. Ceftolozane-tazobactam
b. Ceftazidime-avibactam
c. Cefepime
d. Ceftaroline
d. Ceftaroline
Ceftaroline has increased binding to penicillin-binding protein 2a,which mediates methicillin resistance in staphylococci (anaerobic bacteria, resultingin bactericidal activity against these strains).
True or False:
Antistaphylococcal penicillins are resistant to Beta-lactamases.
True
Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis:
a. Cefazolin
b. Cefoxitin
c. Cefofetan
d. Ceftriaxone
a. Cefazolin
True or False:
Penicillin can be used to treat meningococcal meningitis.
True
What is the second line anti-TB drug which is a structural analog of D-alanine?
Cycloserine
Antimetabolite inhibitor of cystosolic enolpyruvate transferase:
Fosfomycin
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefazolin
1st-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefixime
3rd-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefoperazone
3rd-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefotetan
2nd-generation cephalosporins
Identify if Narrow, Very Narrow, and Wider:
Amoxicillin
Wider spectrum penicillinase-susceptible agent
Adverse effects of interstitial nephritis is associated with:
Methicillin
Identify if Narrow, Very Narrow, and Wider:
Penicillin G
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase-susceptible agent
Interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram (+) organisms. What drug is this?
Bacitracin
Identify this drug based on the mechanism of action:
Binds to the D-ala-D-ala Terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain
Vancomycin
What is the third generation cephalosporins that do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier?
Cefixime
Cefoperazone
What is the drug of choice for gonorrhea?
Cefixime (IV)
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefadroxil
1st-generation cephalosporins
Identify if Narrow, Very Narrow, and Wider:
Penicillin V
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase-susceptible agent
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Ceftazidime
3rd-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefazolin
1st generation cephalosporin
What are the Beta-lactamase inhibitor?
- Sulbactam
- Clavulanic Acid
- Avibactam
- Tazobactam
Identify if Narrow, Very Narrow, and Wider:
Nafcillin
Very narrow spectrum penicillinase-resistant agent
Identify this drug based on its mechanism of action:
Blocks the incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain of the peptidoglycan.
Cycloserine
Identify if Narrow, Very Narrow, and Wider:
Piperacillin
Wider-spectrum penicillinase-susceptible agent
Identify this drug based on its mechanism of action:
Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid which is essential in peptidoglycan chain formation.
Fosfomycin
What is the Penicillin used for oropharyngeal infections?
Penicillin V
Which can be used to treat MRSA infection:
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefotaxime
c. Cefepime
d. Ceftaroline
d. Ceftaroline
Drug of choice against Treponema pallidum:
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V
c. Oxacillin
d. Ampicillin
a. Penicillin G
Dicloxacillin is active against:
a. Enterococci
b. Anaerobes
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
Staphylococci
Excretion of Penicillin is mainly thru:
a. Renal
b. Billiary
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Renal
Billiary - Nafcillin
This used to treat UTI even in pregnant women:
a. Cycloserine
b. Bacitracin
c. Daptomycin
d. Fosfomycin
d. Fosfomycin
Acid stable penicillin:
a. Penicillin V
b. Benzathine Penicillin
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Penicillin V
Component of peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall:
a. N-acetylglucosamine
b. N-acetylmuramic acid
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Which has activity against anaerobes:
a. Cefotetan
b. Cefaclor
c. Cefuroxime
d. Cefprozil
a. Cefotetan
Which can be used to treat Enterobacter infection:
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefotaxime
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefepime
d. Cefepime
MOA is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor:
a. Ethionamide
b. Capreomycin
c. Cycloserine
d. Aminosalicylic acid
e. Bedaquiline
c. Cycloserine
Carbapanem inhibited by renal dehydropeptidase:
a. Doripenem
b. Ertapenem
c. Imipenem
d. Metropenem
c. Imipenem
True or False:
All beta lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell growth by interfering with transpeptidation reaction.
True
Carbapanem which may cause seizure in patients with renal failure:
a. Doripenem
b. Ertapenem
c. Imipenem
d. Meropenem
c. Imipenem
Adverse effect of skin rashes in the setting of viral illness associated with:
a. Ampicillin
b. Oxacillin
c. Nafcillin
d. Piperacillin
a. Ampicillin
Adverse effect of hepatitis is associated with:
a. Nafcillin
b. Oxacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Piperacillin
b. Oxacillin
Nafcillin - neutropenia
Ampicillin - rash
Piperacillin - K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefepime
4th-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Ceftriaxone
3rd-generation cephalosporins
Identify what generation of cephalosporins:
Cefuroxime
2nd-generation cephalosporins
The patient has renal failure. Which of the following will not cause any problems for the patient?
a. Methicillin
b. Amoxicillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Nafcillin
d. Nafcillin
If you will give Ampicillin to your patient which of the following should be your instruction to your patient?
a. Take the drug while standing up.
b. Take the drug 1 hour before eating food
c. Take the drug in the afternoon.
d. Take the drug at nighttime.
b. Take the drug 1 hour before eating food
Resistance of the bacteria to Methicillin is largely due to:
a. Alteration of penicillin binding proteins.
b. Efflux
c. Impaired drug penetration
d. Beta-lactamase production
a. Alteration of penicillin binding proteins.
The half life of Penicillin G in patients with renal failure is:
a. 8 hours
b. 15 hours
c. 20 hours
d. 10 hours
d. 10 hours
Which of the following needs dose adjustment for renal failure?
a. Oxacillin
b. Nafcillin
c. Cloxacillin
d. Ampicillin
d. Ampicillin
The most common adverse reaction of penicillins:
a. Renal Failure
b. Nausea
c. Hypersensitivity
d. Vomiting
c. Hypersensitivity
Which among the following has the best coverage for Gram-positive bacteria?
a. Cefazolin 1 gen
b. Cefoxitin 2 gen
c. Ceftriaxone 3 gen
d. Cefepime 4 gen
a. Cefazolin 1 gen
Which among these 2nd generationcephalosporins have coverage for anaerobic bacteria?
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin
c. Cefamandole
d. Cefaclor
b. Cefoxitin
The following are third generation cephalosporins except?
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefprozil
c. Cefixime
d. Moxalactam
b. Cefprozil
2nd-generation drug.
What is the main basis of grouping the cephalosporins by generations?
a. Ability to cross the blood-brain barrier
b. Gram-negative bacteria coverage
c. Price
d. Penicillinase resistance
b. Gram-negative bacteria coverage
Higher generations have more enhanced gram-negative coverage.
Which of the following drugs has no activity against Gram-positive organisms?
a. Aztreonam
b. Amoxicillin
c. Ceftriaxone
d. Cefazolin
a. Aztreonam
The main problem for beta-lactamase inhibitors would be?
a. Unique beta-lactamases
b. Heat resistance
c. Induction of nephrotoxicity
d. Hypersensitivity reactions
a. Unique beta-lactamases
Which of the following carbapenems has poor entry to the cerebrospinal fluid?
a. Meropenem
b. Doripenem
c. Ertapenem
d. Imipenem
c. Ertapenem
All carbapenems can penetrates well into CSF except for Ertapenem.
Which of the following carbapenems have the longest half-life?
a. Meropenem
b. Ertapenem
c. Doripenem
d. Imipenem
b. Ertapenem
True about Vancomycin:
a. Active against Gram-positive anaerobes.
b. Kills staphylococci slowly and only if they are actively dividing.
c. All of these.
d. Poorly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract.
c. All of these.
Proposed mechanism of action of Daptomycin:
a. Inhibition of cell wall transpeptidases
b. Binds to cell membrane causing depolarization
c. Inhibits cell wall synthesis as a D Ala-D-Ala analog.
d. Binds to penicillin binding proteins to disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis
b. Binds to cell membrane causing depolarization
a. Bacitracin
c. Vancomycin
d. Cycloserine (?)
Bacitracin is only administered topically because of:
a. Weak intravenous bioavailability
b. Poor intestinal absorption
c. Bile solubility
d. Nephrotoxicity
d. Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following is mainly a second-line drug for Tuberculosis?
a. Dalvabancin
b. Cycloserine
c. Fosfomycin
d. Bacitracin
b. Cycloserine
Fungal origin of Clindamycin:
a. Streptomyces erythreus
b. Streptomyces lincolnensis
c. Streptomyces griseus
d. Micromonospora purpurea
e. Streptomyces mediterranei
b. Streptomyces lincolnensis
True or False:
Pencillin has good penetration into the eye.
False
Penicillin penetration into the eye, prostate and CNS is poor.
True or False:
Intravenous administration of penicillin G is preferred than intramuscular route.
True
IV administration preferred because IM injection of large doses can cause irritation and local pain.
Which among the group would be the least likely option as treatment for beta lactamase producing organisms?
a. Ertapenem
b. Cefazolin
c. Ceftazidime-avibactam
d. Cefepime
b. Cefazolin
All are resistant to beta lactamases except for Cefazolin.
Which among the following is not suitable as an empiric treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia?
a. Meropenem
b. Piperacillin-Tazobactam
c. Ertapenem
d. Cefepime
c. Ertapenem
All are suitable for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hospital-acquired) except ertapenem.
Which among the following would require dose adjustment in renal disease patients?
a. Nafcillin
b. Oxacillin
c. Vancomycin
d. Nafcillin
c. Vancomycin
The following drugs improve patient compliance because of less frequency of dosing except?
a. Benzathine penicillin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Piperacillin-tazobactam
d. Procaine penicillin
c. Piperacillin-tazobactam
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Inhibits formation of N-acetyl-muramic acid
Fosfomycin
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Binds cell membrane via Ca-dependent mechanisms leading to cell death
Daptomycin
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Binds PBP to stop transpeptidation reaction
Amoxicillin
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Binds D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan
Vancomycin
Oritavancin
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Inhibits alanine-racemase and D-Alanyl-D-Alanine ligase
Cycloserine
Identify the drug based on its mechanism of action:
Disrupts cell membrane permeability
Oritavancin
Telavancin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Myopathy
Daptomycin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Red man syndrome
Vancomycin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Ototoxicity
Vancomycin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Seizure
Imipenem
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Pseudomona colitis
Ampicillin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Neutropenia
Nafcillin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Congenital deformity
Telavancin
Identify the drug based on adverse effects:
Disulfiram like reaction
Cefazolin
Adverse effect of bleeding disorder is associated with:
a. Cephalosporins
b. Avibactam
c. Both
d. Neither
a. Cephalosporins
Oxacillin is active against:
a. gram(-)
b. anaerobes
c. both
d. neither
d. neither
Drug active against Pseudomonas:
a. Ampicillin
b. Piperacillin
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Piperacillin
Acid-stable penicillin:
a. Ampicillin
b. Amoxicillin
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Resistance mechanism to penicillin:
a. Alteration of the PBP’s
b. Production of efflux pump
c. Beta-lactamase production
d. All of the above
e. Neither
d. All of the above
Cephalosporins has activity against:
a. E.coli
b. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Both
d. Neither
a. E. coli
Which can be used to treat meningococcal meningitis:
a. Cefotetan
b. Cefotaxime
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Cefotaxime
Which can be used to treat carbapenemase-producing bacteria:
a. Ceftolozane-tazobactam
b. Ceftadizime-avibactam
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Ceftadizime-avibactam
Which cephalosporins is excreted through the bile:
a. Cefotaxime
b. Ceftriaxone
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Ceftriaxone
Which has activity against anaerobes:
a. Cefoxitin
b. Cefaclor
c. Cefuroxime
d. Cefprozil
a. Cefoxitin
Which can be used to treat meningicoccal meningitis:
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefotaxime
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Hypoprothrombinemia may be caused by this cephalosporins:
a. Cefoperazone
b. Cephadrine
c. Cefoxitin
d. Ceftizoxime
a. Cefoperazone
Anti-pseudomonal activity is seen with this cephalosporin:
a. Ceftizoxime
b. Cefotaxime
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
Anti-pseudomonal activity is seen through:
- Cefoperazone
- Ceftazidime
Adverse effect of disulfiram-like reactions is associated with:
a. Cefotetan
b. Cefepime
c. Cefuroxime
d. Ceftriaxone
a. Cefotetan
This is highly nephrotoxic thus is only used topically:
a. Cycloserine
b. Bacitracin
c. Daptomycin
d. Fosfomycin
b. Bacitracin
This is cell wall synthesis inhibitor is produced by Streptomyces orchidaceous:
Cycloserine
Lipopeptide which binds to bacterial cell membrane causing depolarization and rapid cell death:
a. Cycloserine
b. Bacitracin
c. Daptomycin
d. Vancomycin
c. Daptomycin
Aztreonam has activity against:
A. Gr(+)
B. Anaerobes
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
True or False:
Penicillins have little activity against Gram-negative rods.
True
Which has activity against anaerobes?
a. Cefoxitin
b. Cefotetan
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Which cephalosporin is excreted thru the urine?
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefaclor
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
This is cell wall synthesis inhibitor is an analogue of phosphoenolpruvate:
a. Cycloserine
b. Bacitracin
c. Daptomycin
d. Vancomycin
e. Fosfomycin
e. Fosfomycin
Drug active against Pseudomonas:
a. Ampicillin
b. Amoxicillin
c. Ticarcillin
d. Penicillin V
c. Ticarcillin
Lipoglycopeptide which can disrupt cell membrane potential and inhibit RNA synthesis:
a. Vancomycin
b. Teicoplanin
c. Telavancin
d. Dalbavancin
e. Oritavancin
e. Oritavancin
Anti-pseudomonal activity is seen with this cephalosporin: Select all that apply.
a. Cefixime
b. Ceftazidime
c. Cefepime
d. Ceftriaxone
e. Cefotaxime
b. Ceftazidime
c. Cefepime
Excretion of Nafcillin is primarily thru:
a. Renal
b. Biliary
c. Both
d. Neither
b. Biliary
Cephalosporins has activity against: Select all that apply.
a. Enterococci
b. Streptococci
c. E. coli
d. L. monocytogenes (Listeria monocytogenes)
e. MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
f. K. pneumoniae
b. Streptococci
c. E. coli
f. K. pneumoniae
Drug of choice against endocarditis:
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V
c. Nafcillin
d. Ampicillin
c. Nafcillin
Carbapenem administered with Cilastatin:
a. Doripenem
b. Ertapenem
c. Imipenem
d. Meropenem
c. Imipenem
Excretion of Oxacillin is thru:
a. Renal
b. Biliary
c. Both
d. Neither
c. Both
Drug of choice against Beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis:
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V
c. Oxacillin
d. Ampicillin
a. Penicillin G
Adverse effect of seizure if given at high doses is associated with:
a. Penicillin G
b. Oxacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Piperacillin
a. Penicillin G
Adverse effect of bleeding disorder is associated with:
a. Cefotetan
b. Cefepime
c. Cefuroxime
d. Ceftriaxone
a. Cefotetan
True or False:
Antipseudomonal penicillins are resistant to Beta-lactamase hydrolysis.
False
Which can be used to treat Listeria monocytogenes infection:
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefotaxime
c. Both
d. Neither
d. Neither
True or False:
Oral absorption of Amoxicillin is impaired by food intake.
False
Adverse effect of acute kidney injury when combined with Vancomycin is associated with:
a. Piperacillin
b. Oxacillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Penicillin G
a. Piperacillin
True or False:
Antupseudomonal penicillins are susceptible to Beta-lactamase hydrolysis.
True
Glycopeptide which can be administered intramuscular:
a. Vancomycin
b. Teicoplanin
c. Telavancin
d. Dalbavancin
e. Oritavancin
b. Teicoplanin