Blaze Industrial Revolution Test Flashcards
How did the family change
work was moved out of the house; richer people started having less children; children were seen more as emotional attachments rather than slaves that worked for you.
how did the birth rates and death rates change
The birth rates went up, while the death rates declined. But then the birth rate went down because children were seen as emotional attachments. Finally they ended up stabilizing with less people dying and less people having kids.
labor movements
People started to fight for the rights of the workers- the bosses didn’t care- at all.
chartist movement
Movement sought to expand suffrage (the right to vote) to more people in Britain- in particular the working class and artisans. FAILED
rural cooperatives
communal farms- like the commons of our villages
why was there an increased emphasis on consumption and leisure
since there was an increase in production (due to factories) they needed more consumption or else the products made would just go to waste.
james watt
Scottish; improved steam engine –> steam ship –> steam locomotive. increase in cotton textiles
richard arkwright
FIrst self made millionaire; water frame; this allowed factories to concentrate production in one place; that’s why factories had to be by the river. “father of the factory”
thomas malthus
thought that population would outpace the food supply and a little bit of famine, plague, war, and disease couldn’t be too bad. He believed the poor should have less children. Cynic- emo
Jermeny Bentham
greatest happiness for the greatest number of people- utilitarian- head guy
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
Considered to be the “workshop of the world” | france was super messed up after napoleon, so England could take the lead | $$ | Resources
short term effects of industrialization
more jobs, education, population fluxuates, people move to cities, child labor
long term effects of industrialization
better working conditions, improved cities, leisure, rise of other industrialized countries. COMMUNISM/SOCIALISM
charles darwin
Biologist who developed the theory of evolution of species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival.
Social Darwinsim
White people > everyone else
louis pasteur
discovered that germs caused disease –> more sanitary conditions
how did the japanese deal with industrialization
They were able to industrialize without revolution. They abolished feudalism and were opened to trade by the US. They also reaped the benefits of industrializing without changing their traditions. Delayed- isolated
how did the russians deal with industrializtion
the russians kinda fell apart and had a ton of revolutions in order to get change. They also abolished feudalism. Delayed- selective westernization. Worked harder not smarter
lasting social economic and political effects in Japan
Japan stayed open to trading with the west and continued to keep their traditions (like women being inferior and respecting your elders).
lasting social economic and political effects in Russia
SOCIALISM –> communism. Political oppression. No serfdom tho.
how did the role of steam technology change textile manufacturing
Steam allowed more textiles to be made, and unique ways to produce steam would allow for factories to move away from the river. Allowed people to work efficiently
how did the factory system and transportation revolution advance industry
With more factories more stuff could be produce, and with advanced transformation it was possible to move that stuff around quicker.
what were the benefits of industrialization
there was innovation, economies flourished, productivity, $$, and speed
what were the challenges of industrialization
pollution, bad quality of living (for workers)
Nouveau Riche
“new rich” people who had become rich through business rather than through having been born into a rich family. This money is not as permanent as ‘old money’
David Ricardo
iron law of wages: the higher the wage the more children, then with more children there’s a labor surplus that leads to lower wages. SO there should be a set wage.
Utilitarianism
greatest amount of good for the greats number of people AKA the poor and it’s the role of the government to provide a social safety net.
Karl marx
german socialist that thought his predecessors were utopian. He believed that class struggle defined history and they NEEDED a social revolution to get a proletarian dictatorship.
the second industrial revolution
bessemer process led to an increase in steel, increase in oil, the assembly line was made and there was the ability to mass produce machine parts.
There was a general increase in __ during the industrial revolution
nationalism
holy alliance
The promise that russia prussia and austria would defend religion and the established order
The lives of the ex-serfs __ improve
didn’t; they were still working hard long hours in factories and many were in extreme debt to their land.
lenin
Leader of the Bolsheviks- super radical and they wanted a social revolution
Revolution of 1905
result of discontent from Russian factory workers and peasants as well as an emerging nationalist sentiment among the empires minorities.
Meiji era
time period in which Mutsohito ruled Japan and modernized his nation. literally means “enlightened”
changes in meiji era
the power of the state increased so social and economic change could occur easily (in russia there wasn’t as much control). nation conscription, wider tax, diet: parliament that ADVISED government. They were able to copy the west unlike russia.
Places that industrialized
Germany, italy, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands
Japan was __ ethnically
homogeneous; ALL OF THEM WERE JAPANESE
Japan industrialized because …
They wanted to keep up with the west, isolation kept them behind the rest
The shogunate depends on __
isolation
Both Russia and Japan had the threat of invasion so …
they industrialized to keep up militarily
Russia works __ not __
harder; smarter
Samurai’s reaction to the new westerners
were shooketh and tried to challenge the new westerners
Japan doesn’t have a lot of __
natural resources
sino-japanese war
Japan whoops China, Japan was smarter than China
Japan had __, which protected them from revolutions that weakened Russia
nationalism
Crimean war
Scared that ottomans would dilute christianity. Russia gets whooped because Ottoman is backed by England and France | Realized that the west was industrialized, and they needed to face the fact that Russia needed to change
Serfdom in Russia
held in by rigid economic structure; needed to be liberated; but freedom does not come with jobs, land, etc.
