Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Question 1

List common causes of BOO in males

Answer 1

Stones
Bladder cancer
BPH
Stricture
Prostate cancer
Detrusor sphincter dysnergia  
Stenosis
Penile cancer
Phimosis

Question 2

List common causes of BOO in females

Answer 2

Stones
Bladder cancer
Vaginal prolapse
Stenosis
Detrusor sphincter dysnergia  
Stenosis
Urethral tumour

Question 3

List voiding symptoms present in BOO

Answer 3

DUE TO BLOCKAGE
Poor flow
Intermittent stream
Spraying of stream
Deviated stream
Hesitancy
Post-micturation dribbling
Straining

Question 4

List storage symptoms present in BOO

Answer 4

SECONDARY EFFECTS OF BLOCKAGE
Frequency
Urgency
Urge incontinence
Nocturia
Sense of incomplete emptying
Pain with bladder filling

Question 5

List examinations that should be considered in BOO

Answer 5

Genitalia exam
Abdominal exam
DRE
Focused neurological exam (MS/ slipped disc)

Question 6

List investigations that should be considered in BOO

Answer 6

Bladder diary
FBC, U+Es, urine dipstick, PSA
Imaging (KUB XR, CT KUB (stone), TRUS prostate, CT urogram (malignancy))

Question 7

List complications of BOO

Answer 7

Haematuria
Urinary retention
Overflow incontinence
Recurrent UTI
Atonic bladder
Hydronephrosis