Bladder Instillations And Urological Surgery

Question 1

(?) solution given as bladder irrigation is licensed for the management of common infections of the bladder in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter

Answer 1

Chlorhexidine

Question 2

Chlorhexidine solution given as bladder irrigation is licensed for the management of common infections of the bladder in patients with an (?)

Answer 2

indwelling urinary catheter

Question 3

Chlorhexidine has broad spectrum activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but it is ineffective against most (?).

Answer 3

Pseudomonas spp.

Question 4

(?) is licensed for use as a routine mechanical bladder irrigant to flush out debris, small blood clots, or tissue in catheters.

Answer 4

Sterile sodium chloride solution 0.9% (physiological saline)

Question 5

Continuous bladder irrigation with (?) 50 micrograms/mL is licensed to treat some fungal infections (e.g. candiduria).

Answer 5

Amphotericin B (Fungizone)

Question 6

Bladder instillations of (?) and mitomycin are licensed for the management of superficial bladder tumours.

Answer 6

doxorubicin hydrochloride

Such instillations reduce systemic side-effects; adverse effects on the bladder (e.g. micturition disorders and reduction in bladder capacity) may occur.

Question 7

Bladder instillations of doxorubicin hydrochloride and (?) are licensed for the management of superficial bladder tumours.

Answer 7

mitomycin

Such instillations reduce systemic side-effects; adverse effects on the bladder (e.g. micturition disorders and reduction in bladder capacity) may occur.

Question 8

Bladder instillations of doxorubicin hydrochloride and mitomycin are licensed for the management of (?).

Answer 8

superficial bladder tumours

Such instillations reduce systemic side-effects; adverse effects on the bladder (e.g. micturition disorders and reduction in bladder capacity) may occur.

Question 9

Instillation of (?) is also licensed for the treatment and prophylaxis of certain forms of superficial bladder cancer.

Answer 9

epirubicin hydrochloride

Question 10

Instillation of epirubicin hydrochloride is also licensed for the treatment and (?) of certain forms of superficial bladder cancer.

Answer 10

prophylaxis

Question 11

Instillation of (?), is licensed for the treatment of primary or recurrent bladder carcinoma in-situ and for the prevention of recurrence following transurethral resection.

Answer 11

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), a live attenuated strain derived from Mycobacterium bovis

Question 12

Instillation of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), a live attenuated strain derived from Mycobacterium bovis, is licensed for the treatment of primary or recurrent (?) and for the prevention of recurrence following transurethral resection.

Answer 12

bladder carcinoma in-situ

Question 13

(?) irrigation solution 1.5% is licensed for use in transurethral surgical procedures such as prostatic resection

Answer 13

Glycine

Question 14

Sterile (?) is used for irrigation in percutaneous renal surgery (e.g. nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy).

Answer 14

sodium chloride solution 0.9% (physiological saline)

Question 15

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is a live attenuated strain derived from (?).

Answer 15

Mycobacterium bovis

Question 16

What are the contraindications for the use of BCG by intravesical instillation for the treatment of primary bladder carcinoma? (6)

Answer 16

Fever of unknown origin
HIV infection 
Impaired immune response
Severe haematuria
Tuberculosis
Urinary tract infection

Question 17

What pre-treatment screening is required prior to starting BCG by intravesical instillation for the treatment of bladder carcinoma? (1)

Answer 17

Active tuberculosis

Contraindicated if tuberculosis is confirmed

Question 18

Why is the use of topical chlorhexidine solution contraindicated on neonatal skin?

Answer 18

Risk of severe chemical burns