Bladder Cancer

Question 1

What is the epidemiology of bladder cancer?

Answer 1

Males 50-80 yo

Question 2

What are the types and prevalence of bladder malignancies?

Answer 2

Transitional cell carcinoma (>90% of cases)
Squamous cell carcinoma (1-7% except in regions affected by schistosomiasis)
Adenocarcinoma (2%)

Question 3

What is the most common growth pattern in transitional call carcinoma?

Answer 3

70% papillary growth pattern
Usually superficial in location with better prognosis
(Solid growth - worse prognosis, more prone to local invasion)

Question 4

What are the symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 4

85% - Painless, macroscopic haematuria.

Incidental microscopic haematuria.

Question 5

How is bladder cancer staged?

Answer 5

Cytoscopy and biopsies or TURBT.
Chemotherapy
Surgery or Radiotherapy

Question 6

What are the risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (most common) of the bladder?

Answer 6

Smoking
Exposure to aniline dyes in the printing and textile industry
Rubber manufacture
Cyclophasphamide

Question 7

What are the risk actors for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?

Answer 7

Schistosomiasis

Smoking