Bladder cancer

Question 1

What are the MCC of cancer deaths in US males

Answer 1

Lung
Prostate
Colorectal
Bladder

Question 2

What is the MC type of bladder cancer

Answer 2

Urothelial carcinoma

Other types are transitional cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinoma

Question 3

MCC of urothelial carcinoma is

Answer 3

SMOKING! increases risk of bladder cancer 2-4x

MC gender to smoke is male (they have a higher rate of bladder cancer too)

Question 4

What race has the highest rate of bladder cancer

Answer 4

Caucasian

Asian has the lowest

Question 5

At what stage of bladder cancer do we see muscle involvement

Answer 5

T2

It becomes more dangerous here

Question 6

How can you treat bladder cancer

Answer 6

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
Cytoscopy
Biopsy
Fulguration
Intravesicle therapy (BCG, Mitomycin, Thiotepa, Valrubicin)
Cystectomy (esp. once it reaches muscle)

Question 7

The two main approaches to tumor resection in the bladder are

Answer 7

Open cytectomy

Robot assisted radical cystectomy

Question 8

How can you set the urine pathway up after you have removed the bladder

Answer 8

Ileal conduit
Orthotopic neobladder
Mainz II
Catheterizable approach

Question 9

What is the difference between ileal conduit and neobladder

Answer 9

Ileal conduit: piece of ileum is harvested and brought to the surface of the abdomen to make a stoma. Contents empty into a collection bag
Neobladder: A pouch is made form harvested intestine and can be hooked up to the urethra to allow normal urination. A neobladder can be catheterized

Question 10

What are noncancerous reasons for a cystectomy

Answer 10

Urinary incontinence

interstitial cystitis