Bladder Flashcards
List 11 histologic variants of urothelial carcinoma
Nested Microcystic Micropapillary Lymphoepithelioma-like Plasmacytoid/signet-ring/diffuse Sarcomatoid Giant cell Poorly differentiated Lipid-rich Clear cell
With Squamous differentiation
Which variants of urothelial carcinoma are known to have a worse prognosis?
Micropapillary
Sarcomatoid
Plasmacytoid
Nested
List 4 risk factors for urothelial carcinoma
Schistosomiasis
Smoking
Arylamines
Cyclophosphamide
What is the underlying molecular pathogenesis of low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma?
activation of RAS/MAPK through FGFR3
What is the usual underlying molecular pathogenesis of CiS/>pT2 urothelial carcinoma?
TP53 mutations or deletion
List 4 syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma
VHL
Birt-Hogg-Dubé
Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (MET gene)
SDH-deficient
HLRCC
Tuberous Sclerosis (angiomyolioma, not RCC)
What tissues are included in a radical cystectomy in a male?
Bladder
Prostate
Seminal Vesicles
Adjacent perivesical tissues
How do you differentiate between a primary Bladder Adenocarcinoma vs a Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma?
Primarily: need to use radiographic and endoscopic evaluation!
Immunos don’t help much.
CK7 + in bladder adenoCa 6.5% (vs 0% for colon)
GATA3 in bladder adenoCa rare
About half of bladder Adenoca stain for SATB2 and CK20.
List 4 differentials for myofibroblastic lesions of the bladder.
- Postoperative spindle cell nodule
- Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
- Solitary Fibrous Tumor
List 4 immunos used to differentiate urothelial carcinoma from metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
Urothelial: GATA3, p63;
Prostatic: PSA, NKX3.1
List 3 features of cribriform clear cell hyperplasia that help distinguish it from malignant differentials:
Transition zone location
No nuclear atypia
Polarized areas of prominent basal cells
