Black Power Movement (pg193 - 197)

Question 1

What was the focus of the Civil Rights Movement

Answer 1

The focus was on cooperation and reconciliation between black and white Americans

Question 2

What inequalities were faced by African-Americans

Answer 2

1. Slum housing
2. Under-resourced schools
3. Inadequate public transport made travel to work difficult
4. 1/3 of black families were below the poverty line
5. Inadequate health care led to a high infant mortality rate

Question 3

What brought about a change in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s

Answer 3

The Black Power Movement

Question 4

Explain the Black Power Movement

Answer 4

Black nationalists believed that the use of force was justified in order to gain social, political and economic power for African Americans. It was not a formal movement as it had no central leadership. It aimed to accelerate the process of change, giving African Americans the same opportunities as whites.

Question 5

What were the three core beliefs of the Black Power Movement

Answer 5

1. Racial pride
2. Self-worth
3. Pride in culture and heritage

Question 6

Who was Malcom X

Answer 6

Malcom X was the leader of a group called the Nation of Islam

Question 7

What did Malcom X believe

Answer 7

He believed that African Americans must fight for equal rights, even if it meant using violence

Question 8

Who formed the Black Panther Party for Self Defence

Answer 8

Huey Newton and Bobby Searle

Question 9

When was the Black Panther Party for Self Defence formed

Answer 9

1966

Question 10

Expand on the acronym BPP

Answer 10

Black Panther Party for Self Defence

Question 11

What was the goal of the BPP

Answer 11

They wanted to protect African American neighborhoods from police brutality and racism. They thought African Americans should carry guns to defend themselves.

Question 12

What programmes did the BPP start

Answer 12

1. Free Breakfast for Children
2. Clinics for free medical care
3. Tutoring schemes

Question 13

Give examples of the demands of the BPP in their 10 point programme

Answer 13

1. Full employment and an end to capitalism
2. Decent housing and sound education
3. End police brutality
4. Release all African Americans from jail

Question 14

Why was the BPP popular

Answer 14

They defended the rights of workers and ethinic minorities

Question 15

Before 1966 which Civil Rights Moveement protests was Stokely Carmichael involved in

Answer 15

He was a member of SNCC, Students Non-Violent Co-ordinating Committee, and joined the Freedom Rides

Question 16

What did James Meredith do

Answer 16

He embarked on a walk against fear from Memphis Tennessee to Jackson Mississippi in protest against racism. He was shot in Mississippi.

Question 17

Why did Stokely Carmichael want SNCC members to walk from Memphis to Jackson

Answer 17

Because James Meredith was shot

Question 18

What changed Stokely Carmichaels alliance with Martin Luther King Jnr in 1966

Answer 18

James Meredith was shot while engaged in peaceful protest

Question 19

What did Stokely Carmichael encourage African Americans to do

Answer 19

1. Take pride in being black
2. Recognise their heritage

Question 20

Stokely Carmichael became a leader in which party

Answer 20

The Black Panther Party for Self-defense

Question 21

Who was Malcom X

Answer 21

A member of the Nation of Islam

Question 22

What was the NOI, Nation of Islam

Answer 22

A group of Muslims which taught that white society deliberately prevented African Americans from empowering themselves

Question 23

Who founded the Nation of Islam

Answer 23

Elijah Muhammad

Question 24

What black nationalist ideas were held by the NOI

Answer 24

1. No intergration between black and white Americans
2. Separation was necessary so that blacks no longer depended on whites

Question 25

What changed Malcom X’s ideas about intergration

Answer 25

A pilgrimage to Mecca in 1963 - 1964

Question 26

What organization was founded by Malcom X

Answer 26

The Organization of Afro-American Unity in 1964

Question 27

What unpopular views led to the assassination of Malcom X

Answer 27

1. Not all whites are evil
2. Blacks could create change through established channels

Question 28

When and where was Malcom X assassinated

Answer 28

At a party meeting in Harlem on the 21st of February 1965