Black Leg, Leptospirosis

Question 1

The causative agent of Blackleg is:

Answer 1

Clostridium chauvoei

Question 2

Blackleg primarily affects:

Answer 2

Young calves and lambs

Question 3

The primary route of infection in cattle with Blackleg is:

Answer 3

Ingestion of spores

Question 4

In sheep, Blackleg infection is most often associated with:

Answer 4

Wound infections

Question 5

The pathogenesis of Blackleg involves:
a) Toxin production and muscle necrosis
b) Septicemia and organ failure
c) Immune-mediated destruction of muscle tissue
d) Viral replication in muscle cells

Answer 5

Toxin production and muscle necrosis

Question 5

A characteristic clinical sign of Blackleg is:

a) Severe diarrhea
b) Coughing and respiratory distress
c) Crepitant swelling in muscles
d) Anorexia and weight loss

Answer 5

Crepitant swelling in muscles

Question 5

The lesions associated with Blackleg are characterized by:

a) Abscess formation in the liver
b) Hemorrhagic and emphysematous myositis
c) Ulceration of the intestinal lining
d) Inflammation of the joints

Answer 5

Hemorrhagic and emphysematous myositis

Question 5

What contributes to the anaerobic environment conducive to C. chauvoei growth in muscle tissue?

Answer 5

Recent injury or bruising

Question 5

The main virulence factor of C. chauvoei is:

Answer 5

Toxin A (CctA)

Question 6

The definitive diagnosis of Blackleg is made by:

a) Clinical signs and history
b) Culture and identification of C. chauvoei
c) Serological testing
d) PCR assay

Answer 6

Culture and identification of C. chauvoei

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a typical finding on post-mortem examination of a Blackleg case?

a) Dark red to black, dry and spongy muscles
b) Sweetish odor in affected muscles
c) Significant edema in affected muscles
d) Gas bubbles in affected muscles

Answer 7

Significant edema in affected muscles

Question 8

The most effective method for controlling Blackleg is:
a) Antibiotic treatment of affected animals
b) Vaccination
c) Proper disposal of carcasses
d) All of the above

Answer 8

All of the above

Question 9

The recommended vaccination protocol for calves against Blackleg involves:

Answer 9

Two doses, 4 weeks apart, followed by annual boosters

Question 10

In an outbreak of Blackleg, in addition to vaccination, what other measure can be taken to prevent new cases?

Answer 10

Prophylactic administration of penicillin

Question 11

Which animals are most susceptible to Blackleg?
a) Older, debilitated animals
b) Young, well-nourished animals
c) Pregnant animals
d) Lactating animals

Answer 11

Young, well-nourished animals

Question 12

Leptospirosis is caused by:
a) A virus
b) A bacterium (Leptospira)
c) A protozoan
d) A fungus

Answer 12

A bacterium (Leptospira)

Question 13

Leptospira organisms are characterized by their:
a) Rod shape
b) Corkscrew-like motility
c) Spore formation
d) Capsule production

Answer 13

Corkscrew-like motility

Question 14

Leptospirosis is a:
a) Non-zoonotic disease
b) Zoonotic disease
c) Vector-borne disease
d) Food-borne illness

Answer 14

Zoonotic disease

Question 15

Maintenance hosts for Leptospira are characterized by:

Answer 15

High prevalence of infection, mild clinical signs, and persistent shedding

Question 16

Incidental hosts for Leptospira are characterized by:

Answer 16

Severe clinical signs and short renal phase

Question 17

Transmission of Leptospirosis can occur through:

Answer 17

a) Contact with infected urine
b) Ingestion of contaminated water
c) Venereal transmission

Question 18

Leptospires typically enter the body through:

Answer 18

Mucous membranes or damaged skin

Question 19

The pathogenesis of Leptospirosis involves:
a) Bacterial replication in various tissues
b) Toxin production and organ damage
c) Immune complex formation
d) Both a and b

Answer 19

Both a and b

Question 20

Clinical signs of Leptospirosis can include:
a) Fever
b) Renal or hepatic damage
c) Uveitis
d) All of the above

Answer 20

All of the above

Question 21

A MAT titer of ≥ 800 in a suspected acute infection of Leptospirosis suggests:

Answer 21

Current or recent infection

Question 22

Treatment for Leptospirosis in cattle often involves:
a) Antiviral medications
b) Antibiotics (e.g., streptomycin)
c) Corticosteroids
d) Supportive care only

Answer 22

Antibiotics (e.g., streptomycin)

Question 23

The primary course of Leptospirosis vaccination in cattle typically consists of:

Answer 23

Two injections, 4 weeks apart, followed by annual boosters

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a recommended control measure for Leptospirosis?
a) Vaccination of all susceptible animals
b) Elimination of maintenance hosts
c) Proper hygiene and sanitation
d) Prompt treatment of infected animals

Answer 24

Elimination of maintenance hosts