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A2 Fossils > bivalves > Flashcards

bivalves Flashcards

1
Q

are bivalves geologically widespread?

A

yes

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2
Q

bivalve PHYLUM

A

MOLLUSCA

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3
Q

bivalve CLASS

A

bivalvia

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4
Q

do bivalves live in fresh or marine water

A

both

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5
Q

egs of modern bivalves

A 
cockles 
clams 
scallops 
razor shells
muscles
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6
Q

what is the most distinctive feature of a bivalve

A

equal sized shells

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7
Q

bivalve shell?

A

calcareous shell

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8
Q

is it symetrical

A

yes - equivalve

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9
Q

what is the umbo on a bivalve

A

area of most curvature marking point of first growth

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10
Q

what is the socket of a bivalve

A

depression which fits over cardinal teeth in the right valve

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11
Q

what are bivalve cardinal teeth

A

raised area which fits into sockets on right valve

this allows articulation of the valves

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12
Q

what does inequivalve mean

A

different sized valves

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13
Q

what is bivalve ligament

A

helps hold shell together

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14
Q

what are bivalve pallial sinus

A

indentation in pallial line

present only in genera with retractable siphons

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15
Q

what is the pallial line bivalve

A

marks the limit of attachment of the soft tissue

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16
Q

what is bivalve hinge line

A

plane of symmetry where two valves are joined together

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17
Q

what is bivalve commisure

A

line where 2 valves meet

18
Q

what is inside a bivalve

A

mantle

19
Q

what is the mantle (bivalve)

A

soft tissue inside the bivalve where shell is secreted

20
Q

what is bivalve modes of life

A

benthonic vagrant

21
Q

how do bivalves feed

A

they feed using siphons which extend towards the edge of the shell

22
Q

what are the 2 types of siphons (bivalves)

A

inhalent or exhalent

23
Q

what are inhalent siphons(bivalves)

A

brings in fresh water

24
Q

what are exhalent siphons (bivalves)

A

removes waste water

25
Q

how does bivalve open/close

A

adductor muscles contract to close shell

26
Q

what is a muscle scar

A

where the muscles are attached

27
Q

how do (vagrant) bivalves move

A

using a muscular foot

28
Q

what is the mytilus type (Bivalve)

A

bysally attached

29
Q

what is the bysuss (bivalve)

A

thread like structure that attaches bivalve to the substrate

30
Q

what is mytillus (bivalve)

A

common muscle

31
Q

how does (bivalve) byssus indicate environment and mode of life

A

strong and flexble byssus = high energy environment (littoral zone)

32
Q

how does (bivalve) shell covered in periostractum indicate environment and mode of life

A

protect shell from acidic rainwater or river water

33
Q

how does bivalve STRONG SHELL indicate environment and mode of life

A

prevent breakage i high energy environment

34
Q

how does bivalve streamlined and unornamented shells indicate environment and mode of life

A

no sharp edge to damage itself or others in colony

protection against strong currents

35
Q

how do large bivalve adductor muscles indicate environment and mode of life

A

hold valves tight together so they dont dry out at low tide - tidal environment

36
Q

what is the ostrea type (bivalve)

A

cemented to substrate

37
Q

what is ostrea

A

common oyster

38
Q

where does cement in ostrea bivalve come from

A

secreted from mantle

39
Q

what shape is ostrea

A

take on the shape of the hard substrate

40
Q

which valve is bigger in ostrea (bivalve)

A

left valve

41
Q

what is gryphaea bivalve

A

ancient free lying bivalve

42
Q

which valve is bigger on gryphaea

A

left - convex and much larger to balance on soft substrate

curved to keep opening above sediment

A2 Fossils (13 decks)

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